Comparison of beta-blockers vs calcium channel blockers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Table 1 Baseline characteristics by treatment group before propensity score matching

Category	Variable	BB (n = 2000)	CCB (n = 2000)	P value
Demographics	Age (years, mean ± SD)	70.1 ± 9.8	70.3 ± 9.8	0.587
	Sex (male, %)	37.1	41.7	0.004
	BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	28 ± 5.2	28 ± 5.1	0.992
	Smoking (current/former/never, %)	20/28.2/51.8	21.8/30.2/48	0.059
Comorbidities	Hypertension (%)	79.5	80.2	0.581
	Diabetes (%)	38.9	36.4	0.103
	Coronary artery disease (%)	28.4	29	0.727
	Atrial fibrillation (%)	24.2	23.4	0.552
	Chronic kidney disease (%)	22.1	19.2	0.024
	COPD (%)	15.2	13.5	0.114
	Dyslipidemia (%)	57.8	60.4	0.108
Clinical Parameters	Heart rate (bpm, mean ± SD)	74.8 ± 14.9	75.4 ± 14.5	0.214
	SBP (mmHg, mean ± SD)	129.5 ± 20	130.9 ± 19.8	0.026
	DBP (mmHg, mean ± SD)	74.4 ± 9.9	74.8 ± 10.4	0.215
	NYHA class (I/II/III/IV, %)	10.3/37.1/41.7/10.8	10.2/38.1/40.9/10.7	0.933
Echocardiographic	LVEF (%, mean ± SD)	54.9 ± 5	55.2 ± 4.9	0.100
	LAVI (mL/m2, mean ± SD)	39.6 ± 10	40.6 ± 9.9	0.001
	E/e’ ratio (mean ± SD)	12 ± 3.9	12.1 ± 4.1	0.407
	RVSP (mmHg, mean ± SD)	35.1 ± 10	34.7 ± 10.2	0.344
Laboratory	Creatinine (mg/dL, mean ± SD)	1.2 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.5	0.569
	eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD)	59.3 ± 19.9	60.2 ± 20.2	0.181
	BNP (pg/mL, mean ± SD)	557.8 ± 530	557.4 ± 471	0.982
	Hemoglobin (g/dL, mean ± SD)	13.1 ± 1.9	13 ± 2.1	0.125

BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVI: Left atrial volume index; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; BB: Beta-blockers; CCB: Calcium channel blockers.