Temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110450

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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World J Cardiol. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 110450
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110450

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, mean ±SD, n (%)

Variable	Pooled real-life variables	EVEREST program, population size	EVEREST vs pooled variable, MD or OR (95%CI)	COAPT trial, population size	COAPT vs pooled variable, MD or OR (95%CI)	MITRA-FR trial, population size	MITRA-FR vs pooled variable, MD or OR (95%CI)
First five-year period
Age (year)	71.99 ± 0.16; Q = 3.32	73.3 ± 10.5 (n = 616)	1.40 (0.57-2.23)	71.7 ± 11.8 (n = 302)	-0.20 (-1.53 to 1.13)	70.1 ± 10.1 (n = 152)	-1.80 (-3.41 to -0.19)
Male	67.5% (62.4-72.5); I² = 97	364/616 (59.1)	0.97 (0.82-1.15)	201/302 (66.6)	1.33 (1.04-1.71)	120/152 (78.9)	2.51 (1.69-3.73)
Diabetes mellitus	33.9% (30.2-37.6); I² = 79	239/616 (38.8)	1.20 (1.01-1.43)	106/302 (35.1)	1.03 (0.80-1.31)	50/152 (32.9)	0.93 (0.66-1.31)
Non-ischemic etiology	35.3 (30.8-40.0); I² = 57	407/615 (66.2)	3.59 (2.92-4.42)	118/302 (39.1)	1.18 (0.91-1.53)	57/152 (37.5)	1.10 (0.77-1.56)
Prior myocardial infarction	41.9% (35.9-48.0); I² = 84	334/602 (55.5)	1.89 (1.58-2.26)	156/302 (51.7)	1.62 (1.27-2.06)	75/152 (49.3)	1.48 (1.06-2.05)
Prior percutaneous coronary intervention	42.3% (35.9-48.9); I²=95	292/615 (47.5)	1.20 (1.01-1.43)	130/302 (43.0)	1.00 (0.79-1.27)	71/152 (46.7)	1.16 (0.84-1.61)
Atrial fibrillation	51.7% (46.2-57.1); I² = 92	359/552 (65.0)	1.71 (1.42-2.06)	173/302 (57.3)	1.24 (0.98-1.57)	49/142 (34.5)	0.49 (0.34-0.69)
Renal insufficiency	46.1% (35.4-56.9); I² = 98	163/616 (26.5)	0.38 (0.31-0.46)	214/299 (71.6)	2.66 (2.05-3.45)	22/152 (14.5)	0.18 (0.11-0.28)
ACEI/ARB	69.8% (64.4-74.9); I² = 57	390/616 (63.3)	0.72 (0.58-0.90)	204/302 (71.9)	0.87 (0.66-1.16)	111/152 (82.2)	1.13 (0.77-1.67)
Beta-blocker	84.3% (79.5-88.6); I² = 77	491/616 (79.7)	0.98 (0.78-1.24)	275/302 (91.1)	2.54 (1.68-3.85)	134/152 (88.2)	1.86 (1.12-3.09)
Diuretics	90.4% (87.7-92.8); I² = 51	543/616 (88.1)	0.98 (0.98-1.31)	270/302 (89.4)	1.11 (0.74-1.65)	151/152 (99.3)	19.81 (2.75-142.48)
Oral anticoagulation agents	50.0% (23.5-77.3); I² = 95	253/616 (41.1)	0.87 (0.66-1.15)	140/302 (46.4)	1.08 (0.78-1.48)	93/152 (61.2)	1.97 (1.32-2.92)
ICD device	30.1% (21.7-39.2); I² = 91	170/600 (28.3)	0.92 (0.75-1.12)	91/302 (30.1)	1.00 (0.77-1.30)	48/151 (31.8)	1.08 (0.76-1.55)
Any cardiac device	49.4% (38.6-60.1); I² = 96	170/600 (28.3)	0.41 (0.33-0.49)	206/302 (68.1)	2.20 (1.71-2.84)	94/151 (62.3)	1.69 (1.21-2.37)
Second five-year period
Age (year)	73.10 ± 0.24; Q = 3.66	73.3 ± 10.5 (n = 616)	0.20 (-0.63 to 1.03)	71.7 ± 11.8 (n = 302)	-1.40 (-2.73 to -0.07)	70.1 ± 10.1 (n = 152)	-3.00 (-4.61 to -1.39)
Male	66.5% (63.4-69.6); I² = 56	364/616 (59.1)	0.69 (0.58-0.83)	201/302 (66.6)	0.95 (0.74-1.23)	120/152 (78.9)	1.80 (1.21-2.68)
Diabetes mellitus	30.8% (27.2-34.4); I² = 56	239/616 (38.8)	1.32 (1.10-1.58)	106/302 (35.1)	1.12 (0.87-1.44)	50/152 (32.9)	1.02 (1.02-1.44)
Non-ischemic etiology	48.3% (38.1-58.6); I² = 70	407/615 (66.2)	2.18 (1.66-2.86)	118/302 (39.1)	0.71 (0.52-0.98)	57/152 (37.5)	0.67 (0.45-0.99)
Prior myocardial infarction	24.9% (18.3-32.0); I² = 79	334/602 (55.5)	3.03 (2.51-3.66)	156/302 (51.7)	2.60 (2.03-3.33)	75/152 (49.3)	2.37 (1.70-3.31)
Prior percutaneous coronary intervention	38.6% (32.7-44.7); I² = 62	292/615 (47.5)	1.53 (1.24-1.89)	130/302 (43.0)	1.28 (0.98-1.67)	71/152 (46.7)	1.49 (1.05-2.10)
Atrial fibrillation	58.1% (51.2-64.8); I² = 91	359/552 (65.0)	1.40 (1.16-1.69)	173/302 (57.3)	1.01 (0.79-1.28)	49/142 (34.5)	0.40 (0.28-0.57)
Renal insufficiency	47.8% (41.2-54.4); I² = 67	163/616 (26.5)	0.35 (0.28-0.42)	214/299 (71.6)	2.41 (1.85-3.15)	22/152 (14.5)	0.16 (0.10-0.26)
ACEI/ARB	78.1% (72.4-83.3); I² = 71	390/616 (63.3)	0.46 (0.37-0.58)	204/302 (71.9)	0.56 (0.42-0.74)	111/152 (82.2)	0.72 (0.49-1.07)
Beta-blocker	87.2% (84.5-89.6); I² = 49	491/616 (79.7)	0.67 (0.53-0.85)	275/302 (91.1)	1.74 (1.15-2.64)	134/152 (88.2)	1.27 (0.77-2.12)
Diuretics	92.4% (89.8-94.8); I² = 61	543/616 (88.1)	0.61 (0.45-0.82)	270/302 (89.4)	0.69 (0.46-1.03)	151/152 (99.3)	12.38 (1.72-89.08)
Oral anticoagulation agents	56.3% (26.7-83.7); I² = 92	253/616 (41.1)	0.48 (0.35-0.66)	140/302 (46.4)	0.60 (0.42-0.85)	93/152 (61.2)	1.09 (0.71-1.67)
ICD device	33.9% (24.1-44.4); I² = 87	170/600 (28.3)	0.89 (0.71-1.12)	91/302 (30.1)	0.97 (0.73-1.29)	48/151 (31.8)	1.05 (0.72-1.52)
Any cardiac device	48.8% (34.8-62.9); I² = 96	170/600 (28.3)	0.46 (0.38-0.56)	206/302 (68.1)	2.49 (1.93-3.21)	94/151 (62.3)	1.91 (1.36-2.68)

EVEREST: Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study; COAPT: Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation; MITRA-FR: Multicentre Study of Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair MitraClip Device in Patients With Severe Secondary Mitral Regurgitation; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; ACEI/ARB: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; ICD: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; MD: Mean difference; OR: Odds ratio.

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Citation: Kaddoura R, Dakhil Z, Al-Badriyeh D, Abushanab D, Rafie I, Al-Hijji M. Temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(12): 110450
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i12/110450.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110450

Kaddoura R, Dakhil Z, Al-Badriyeh D, Abushanab D, Rafie I, Al-Hijji M. Temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(12): 110450 [PMID: 41480000 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i12.110450]

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