Effect of mobile phone applications on medication adherence among patients with coronary artery diseases: A scoping review

Table 2 General characteristics of the selected studies

Ref.	Year	Design	Objectives	Intervention	Follow up	Findings
Ni et al[23]	2018	RCT	To assess if the mobile phone-based mHealth intervention could improve medication adherence and relevant health outcomes among patients with CHD	mHealth	90 days	Nonadherence decreased more significantly in the experimental group
Devaraju et al[24]	2022	RCT	To study the use of technology on ensuring clinical follow ups of post percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty patients treatment compliance and study its effectiveness on modification of risk factors and adherence to lifestyle	Jayadeva Hrudaya Spandana	6 months	Adherence increased significantly in the experimental group
Chapman-Goetz et al[25]	2023	Prospective, single-blinded RCT	To assess the acceptability and feasibility of an app in supporting medication adherence in heart failure	Tiered intervention added to the NPS MedicineWise dose reminder app (MedicineWise app)	6 months	Protocol (results not known)
Li et al[26]	2022	Parallel designed, open-label, single-center, RCT	To explore the effect of a self-management mobile app to be used at home on the long-term use of secondary prevention medications in patients with CHD in China	Digital therapeutics app	12 + 6 months	Significant increase in adherence after using the app
Olivier et al[27]	2021	Open-label, single-center RCT	To evaluate the efficacy of a blended intervention with custom-designed mobile application and personalized health coaching to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications and risk factors	Bright Heart program, (mobile intervention)	90 ± 10 days	Not much significant difference was found between the intervention and control arms
Park et al[28]	2020	Qualitative	To examine the efficacy of a mHealth intervention using text messaging to improve adherence to antiplatelet and statin medications among patients with a history of myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention	TM + mobile app	4 weeks	TM increase compliance
Dorje et al[29]	2019	Parallel-group, single-blind, RCT	To assess the effectiveness of a smartphone-based cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programme delivered via the social media platform WeChat (SMART-CR/SP)	SMART-CR/SP	12 months	SMART-CR/SP was found to be a cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention service model with high efficacy and accessibility and to be easy to use
Kauw et al[30]	2019	Prospective study	To investigate what advantages mHealth offers in the management of adults with CHD and to evaluate the acceptance of mHealth through adherence and patient experience	mHealth	12 months	Adherence to weekly measurements of weight and blood pressure were measured (non-pharmacological adherence)
Gallagher et al[31]	2019	RCT	To evaluate the impact of a game-based mobile app, in secondary prevention behaviours for cardiovascular risk factors	MyHeartMate	6 months	Protocol (results not known)
Santo et al[32]	2019	Parallel-design, single-centre, single-blind RCT	To assess the reach, acceptability, utility, and engagement with the apps that were used in the MEDication reminder APPlications (apps) to improve medication adherence in coronary heart disease (MedApp-CHD) study	MEDAPP	3 months	The participants in the medication reminder app groups had a significantly higher medication adherence, when compared to the usual care group

CHD: Congenital heart disease; mHealth: Mobile health; RCT: Randomized control trial; TM: Text messages.