Frailty status and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital outcomes (percutaneous coronary intervention vs no percutaneous coronary intervention) among non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients ≥ 75 years by frailty category

Outcome	Low frailty (OR, 95%CI, P value)	Intermediate frailty (OR, 95%CI, P value)	High frailty (OR, 95%CI, P value)	Interaction
				Intermediate vs low frailty (OR, 95%CI, P value)	High vs low frailty (OR, 95%CI, P value)
Mortality	0.27 (0.22-0.32), < 0.001	0.37 (0.33-0.40), < 0.001	0.43 (0.34-0.54), < 0.001	1.56 (1.27-1.93), < 0.001	1.83 (1.37-2.44), < 0.001
Acute kidney injury	0.79 (0.75-0.82), < 0.001	0.83 (0.78-0.87), < 0.001	1.09 (0.91-1.30), 0.35	1.06 (0.97-1.15), 0.21	1.36 (1.12-1.64), 0.001
Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis	0.92 (0.78-1.09), 0.35	0.84 (0.38-1.88), 0.67	1.83 (1.42-2.36), < 0.001	0.91 (0.40-2.08), 0.82	1.99 (1.46-2.72), < 0.001
Acute respiratory failure	0.45 (0.42-0.49), < 0.001	0.69 (0.66-0.73), < 0.001	0.89 (0.76-1.03), 0.12	1.65 (1.50-1.82), < 0.001	2.13 (1.79-2.52), < 0.001
Acute respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation	0.35 (0.27-0.47), < 0.001	0.63 (0.57-0.69), < 0.001	1.00 (0.83-1.22), 0.99	1.78 (1.33-2.39), < 0.001	2.79 (1.98-3.93), < 0.001
Pulmonary edema	0.64 (0.50-0.82), < 0.001	1.13 (0.96-1.33), 0.13	1.73 (1.16-2.56), 0.007	1.98 (1.48-2.65), < 0.001	3.00 (1.89-4.76), < 0.001
Transient ischemic attack	0.70 (0.45-1.08), 0.11	1.04 (0.76-1.43), 0.79	2.45 (1.29-4.69), 0.006	1.55 (0.90-2.66), 0.11	3.04 (1.42-6.51), 0.004
Stroke	0.38 (0.26-0.57), < 0.001	0.57 (0.48-0.67), < 0.001	0.86 (0.68-1.08), 0.20	1.60 (1.04-2.44), 0.03	2.48 (1.57-3.92), < 0.001
Cardiogenic shock	0.53 (0.45-0.62), < 0.001	1.06 (0.98-1.16), 0.15	1.79 (1.48-2.17), < 0.001	2.03 (1.70-2.43), < 0.001	3.35 (2.61-4.30), < 0.001
Shock with mechanical circulatory support	1.06 (0.79-1.44), 0.66	4.52 (3.86-5.29), < 0.001	12.09 (8.23-17.76), < 0.001	4.37 (3.17-6.03), < 0.001	11.99 (7.50-19.16), < 0.001
Cardiac arrest	0.54 (0.44-0.67), < 0.001	0.78 (0.69-0.87), < 0.001	1.24 (0.96-1.61), 0.09	1.46 (1.15-1.85), 0.002	2.28 (1.64-3.18), < 0.001
Hypotension	0.83 (0.73-0.95), 0.006	1.18 (1.09-1.27), < 0.001	1.31 (1.09-1.58), 0.005	1.41 (1.22-1.62), < 0.001	1.54 (1.24-1.92), < 0.001
Pulmonary embolism	0.29 (0.22-0.39), < 0.001	0.29 (0.22-0.37), < 0.001	0.45 (0.24-0.85), 0.01	0.99 (0.66-1.46), 0.96	1.55 (0.77-3.12), 0.22
Delirium	0.70 (0.38-1.29), 0.25	0.96 (0.83-1.11), 0.57	1.60 (1.28-2.00), < 0.001	1.28 (0.71-2.32), 0.41	2.20 (1.18-4.09), 0.01
Bleeding	0.43 (0.39-0.48), < 0.001	0.80 (0.74-0.86), < 0.001	1.27 (0.98-1.67), 0.07	1.86 (1.64-2.11), < 0.001	2.82 (2.30-3.46), < 0.001
Bleeding with transfusion	0.27 (0.20-0.35), < 0.001	0.69 (0.60-0.79), < 0.001	1.28 (0.98-1.67), 0.07	2.63 (1.97-3.51), < 0.001	4.62 (3.18-6.74), < 0.001
Length of stay (days)	−0.90 (−0.98 to −0.82), < 0.001	−0.16 (−0.34 to 0.01), 0.07	+2.47 (+1.68 to +3.26), < 0.001	+0.82 (+0.64 to +0.99), < 0.001	+3.63 (+2.83 to +4.43), < 0.001
Total charges (in USD)	+$46247 (43651 to 48844), < 0.001	+$69008 (64291 to 73724), < 0.001	+$111550 (96015 to 127084), < 0.001	+$27665 (22945 to 32386), < 0.001	+$72538 (57002 to 88074), < 0.001

P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Multivariable regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, hospital region, hospital bed size, hospital location/teaching status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, frailty category, PCI status, and interaction terms between PCI and frailty categories (frailty 2 and frailty 3). Models accounted for the complex survey design of the NIS using discharge weights (DISCWT), strata (NIS_STRATUM), and primary sampling units (HOSP_NIS).