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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2025; 17(10): 111462
Published online Oct 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.111462
Figure 4
Figure 4 Phases of acromegalic heart disease. GH: Growth hormone; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta 1; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinases; TIMP: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.


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