Thoracic endovascular vs open surgical repair in descending thoracic aortic aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Detailed characteristics of each included study (e.g., sample size, follow-up duration, mean age, comorbidities)

Ref.	Study design	Country	Primary endpoints	No. of patients		Follow up duration		Age		Male (%)		Hypertension		CAD		DM
				EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open	EVAR	Open
von Allmen et al[16], 2014	Observational study	United Kingdom	30 days operative mortality, long-term survival (5 years), aortic related intervention	354	264	5 years (maximum)	5 years	72.2 ± 3.5	70.3 ± 3.8	65.5	51.9	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Andrassy et al[17], 2011	Observational study	Germany	Peri-operative morbidity and mortality, 1 year mortality and cumulative long term survival	53	24	34 ± 35 (mean)	53 ± 55	70 ± 10	67 ± 12	60	54	85%	83%	40%	33%	12%	7%
Arnaoutakis et al[18], 2015	Observational study	United States	1 year all-cause mortality	62	56	23.7 months (median)	36.4 months	67.6 ± 12.9	56.4 ± 14.3	53	68	89	77	34	9	16	11
Bavaria et al[19], 2007	Observational study	United States	Peri operative mortality and complications, middle term survival and reoperation rates	140	94	25.8 ± 14.6 (mean)	24.9 ± 12.8	70.5 ± 10.4	68.2 ± 10.2	57	51	-	-	49	36	-	-
Brandt et al[20], 2004	Observational study	Germany	30 day mortality, peri operative morbidity	22	22	30 days	30 days	68 ± 13	69 ± 11	68	59	64	77	36	32	14	18
Chiu et al[28], 2019	Observational study	United States	All-cause mortality	2470	1235	4.53 ± 2.89	5.43 ± 6.90	72.97 ± 8.36	72.88 ± 7.52	57.6	57.5	78.9	79.5	-	-	21.5	19.4
Desai et al[44], 2012	Observational study	United States	Operative mortality, late survival	106	45	59 ± 35.32	81 ± 71.99	74.3 ± 9.1	69.5 ± 11.1	57	40	88	89			21	6.7
Dick et al[21], 2008	Observational study	Switzerland	Peri operative mortality and morbidity within 30 days of treatment, cumulative long term survival, quality of life	52	70	29 ± 16	37 ± 17	68.8 ± 10.1	61.6 ± 15.2	83	84	79	76	35	49	15	4
Glade et al[22], 2005	Observational study	Netherlands	In-hospital mortality, middle term survival	42	53	15	26	67	67	62.1	62.1	86	75	-	-	12	6
Goodney et al[45], 2011	Observational study	United States	-	2433	11565	-	-	75.9 ± 6.29	73.8 ± 5.49	58.7 (95% CI: 567-60.7)	55.4	-	-	-	-	NA	NA
Gopaldas et al[23], 2010	Observational study	United States	In-hospital mortality	2563	9106	NA	NA	69.5 ± 12.7	60.2 ± 14.2	59.4	68	-	-	-	-	13.7	9.4
Hughes et al[30], 2014	Observational study	United States	Mortality	712	8255	Short term	-	71 ± 11.14	62.33 ± 14.83	61.3	65.6	-	-	-	-	13.2	8.3
Karimi et al[24], 2012	Observational study	United States	In-hospital and late mortality, endo-leak and re-intervention rates	28	29	26.9 ± 14	42.6 ± 19.8	73.2 ± 9.7	62.3 ± 12.2	57.1	65.5	78.6	89.7	32.1	27.6	10.7	34.5
Kieffer et al[31], 2009	Observational study	France	-	52	121	Short term	-	69.3 ± 12.5	59.4 ± 13.7	78.8	82.6	71.2	77.7	34.6	24.8	5.8	4.1
Lee et al[25], 2015	Observational study	Korea	30-day and late mortality	114	53	36 ± 26	36 ± 26	65.5 ± 12.9	60.1 ± 15.9	76.3	69.8	73.7	75.5	11.4	13.2	8.8	13.2
Matsumura et al[32], 2014	Observational study	Denmark	-	158	70	5 years (maximum)	5 years	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ogawa et al[35], 2021	Observational study	United States	30-day and long term all cause mortalities	79	39	828 ± 1258 (days)	1048 ± 1591 (days)	70.4 ± 12.7	64 ± 13.6	60.8	74.4	86.1	69.2	15.2	12.8	8.9	7.7
Orandi et al[26], 2009	Observational study	United States	In-hospital mortality	267	763	NA	NA	69.9 ± 20.9	66.1 ± 21.3	69.2	66.1	76.2	64.3	NA	NA	7.6	11
Orelaru et al[34], 2023	Observational study	United States	-	120	120	8.80 ± 7.13 years	4.0 7 ± 3.68	64 ± 14.07	65 ± 10.37	64	66	91	88	18	25	13	13
Patel et al[33], 2008	Observational study	United States	-	52	41	33.1 ± 36.9 (maximum follow up 12 years)	33.1 ± 36.9	80.6 ± 4.0	76.8 ± 1.8	50	70.7	78.9	80.5	55.8	43.9	13.5	4.9
Stone et al[27], 2006	Observational study	United States	Peri-operative mortality, actuarial middle-term survival, freedom from re-intervention	105	93	22 ± 16.83 months	-	70 ± 14.3	70.8 ± 9.8	62.9	54.8	NA	84.9	NA	NA	NA	NA

EVAR: Endovascular aortic repair; NA: Not available; CI: Confidence interval.