Role of polymorphisms and microRNA levels in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Table 4 Summary of diagnostic and prognostic roles of circulating microRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms in acute myocardial infarction

miRNA/SNP	Biological function	AMI diagnostic value	MACE prognostic value	Associated pathway
miR-150	Anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic	AUC 0.678–0.771[28]	Predictor of mortality, LV remodeling[18]	SRF, c-Myb, apoptosis
miR-208b	Cardiac-specific, involved in muscle gene regulation	AUC > 0.9 within 3–6 hours[19]	HR = 5.08 for MACE at 6 months[35]	Myocardial contractility genes
miR-483-5p	Inflammation-related	AUC = 0.867–0.919[31]	HR = 5.955 for MACE[31]	NF-κB, cytokines
miR-146a	Regulates IRAK1/TRAF6	AUC = 0.91[32]	HR = 2.712 for MACE[8]	NF-κB, IL-1R/TLR
SNP rs2910164 (miR-146a)	Alters miRNA processing, G/C substitution	↑Risk of AMI[38,40]	HR = 1.405 for MACE (dominant model)[57]	Inflammatory amplification
SNP rs11614913 (miR-196a2)	Influences mature miRNA levels	Associated with severe CAD[39]	HR = 2.44 (recessive model)[58]	Vascular remodeling, SIRT1 signaling
SNP rs3746444 (miR-499)	Affects cardiac muscle gene regulation	Predictor of MI susceptibility[58]	HR = 2.05 for MACE (recessive model)[58]	Myocardial apoptosis and necrosis

AUC: Area under the curve; CAD: Coronary artery disease; HR: Hazard ratio; IL-1R: Interleukin-1 receptor; LV: Left ventricular; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; MI: Myocardial infarction; miRNA: MicroRNA; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TRAF6: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6.