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Publication Name
World Journal of Cardiology
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1949-8462
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2025; 17(10): 108594
Published online Oct 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Pharmacologic treatment targets in vasospastic angina. This figure illustrates key pathophysiological mechanisms in vasospastic angina, including endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, along with targeted therapies. NO: Nitric oxide; ET-1: Endothelin-1; SH: Serotonin and histamine; H: Histamine; CCB: Calcium channel blockers; cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate.
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