Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2025; 17(10): 108594
Published online Oct 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594

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Figure 2 Vasospastic angina results from a transient coronary artery spasm due the interplay of endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, inflammation, and autonomic imbalance. These factors collectively lower the threshold for inappropriate coronary vasoconstriction. NO: Nitric oxide; ET-1: Endothelin-1; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin); H: Histamine.

Citation: Ralota KK, Layland J. Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(10): 108594
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i10/108594.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594

Ralota KK, Layland J. Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(10): 108594 [PMID: 41181655 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.108594]

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