Perioperative coagulation activation after permanent pacemaker placement

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included in the study, n (%)

Variable ( n = 146)		Data
Age, years		73 (67-81)
Body mass index, kg/m2		27.5 (25-31)
Gender
Male		77 (52.7)
Female		69 (47.3)
Pacemaker placement indication
Atrioventricular block		49 (33.6)
Sick sinus syndrome		47 (32.2)
Atrial fibrillation with impaired atrioventricular conduction		50 (34.2)
Comorbidity
Ischemic heart disease		146 (100)
Exertional angina		44 (30.1)
Arterial hypertension		143 (97.9)
Atrial fibrillation		96 (65.8)
Congestive heart failure		146 (100)
	NYHA Class I	7 (4.8)
	NYHA Class II	60 (41.1)
	NYHA Class III	79 (54.1)
	NYHA Class IV	0 (0)
History of myocardial infarction		28 (19.2)
History of stroke		12 (8.2)
Atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease		4 (2.7)
Varicose veins		31 (21.2)
History of venous thromboembolism		8 (5.5)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus		39 (21.2)
History of coronavirus disease		4 (2.7)
Antithrombotic therapy
Antiplatelet therapy (aspirin)		55 (37.7)
Oral anticoagulants		91 (62.3)
	Rivaroxaban	57 (39)
	Apixaban	20 (13.7)
	Dabigatran etexilate	7 (4.8)
	Warfarin	7 (4.8)
Surgery features
Pacemaker
	Single-chamber	50 (34.2)
	Dual-chamber	96 (65.8)
Pacemaker placement side
	Left side	142 (97.3)
	Right side	4 (2.7)
Vascular access
	Cephalic vein (section)	132 (90.4)
	Subclavian vein (puncture)	14 (9.6)
Pacemaker pocket localization
	Above the pectoral fascia	133 (91.1)
	Inside the pectoralis major muscle	13 (8.9)
Mean surgery time, min		54 (41-60)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.