Novel predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Table 3 Procedural characteristics and peri-procedural complications

	All	No PPM	PPM	P value
	n = 357	n = 300	n = 57
Urgency				0.699
Elective	344 (96.6)	288 (96.3)	56 (98.2)
Emergency	12 (3.4)	11 (3.7)	1 (1.8)
Valve				0.471
Balloon expandable	192 (53.8)	164 (54.7)	28 (49.1)
Self-expandable	165 (46.2)	136 (45.3)	29 (50.9)
Valve size	26.9 (3)	26.8 (2.9)	27.3 (3)	0.266
Valve index	129.4 (14.9)	129.3 (15.1)	129.9 (13.5)	0.792
Valve sheath access site				0.270
Right femoral	241 (68.5)	206 (69.8)	35 (61.4)
Left femoral	94 (26.7)	72 (24.4)	22 (38.6)
Right subclavian	2 (0.6)	2 (0.7)	0 (0)
Left subclavian	4 (1.1)	4 (1.4)	0 (0)
Right radial	2 (0.6)	2 (0.7)	0 (0)
Transaortic	9 (2.6)	9 (3.1)	0 (0)
Procedure time	1.5 (0.8)	1.4 (0.8)	1.6 (0.9)	0.056
Perioperative complications
Atrial fibrillation	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	1.00
Atrial flutter	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	1.00
AV block I	6 (1.7)	6 (2)	0 (0)	0.595
AV block II	0	0	0	-
Complete AV block	24 (6.7)	1 (0.3)	23 (40.4)	< 0.001
Ventricular tachycardia	0	0	0	-
Ventricular fibrillation	0	0	0	-
Bleeding	8 (2.2)	8 (2.7)	0 (0)	0.365
Stroke	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	1.00
Transfusion	3 (0.8)	3 (1)	0 (0)	1.00
Site bleeding	0	0	0	-
Left axis deviation	3 (0.8)	2 (0.7)	1 (1.8)	0.408
LBBB	0	0	0	-
RBBB	0	0	0	-
Left anterior fascicular block	0	0	0	-
Left posterior fascicular block	0	0	0	-
MI	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	1.00
Other	31 (8.7)	24 (8)	7 (12.3)	0.305

P values and mean ± SD from a 2-sample t-test reported for continuous variables except for procedure time which was heavily right skewed. Median (IQR) and P value from a Wilcoxon rank sum test reported for procedure time. Counts (%) and P values from Fisher’s exact test reported for categorical variables. The following tests excluded patients due to missing values: Procedure urgency (1), valve index (2), valve sheath access site (5), procedure time (37). RBBB: Right Bundle Branch Block; LBBB: Left Bundle branch block; AV: Aortic valve; MI: Myocardial infarction; PPM: Permanent pacemakers.