Novel predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the patient population

Characteristics	No PPM	PPM	P value
	n = 300 (%)	n = 57 (%)
Age	81.0 (8.2)	80.3 (7.6)	0.530
Male	158 (52.7)	30 (52.6)	1.00
BMI	30.5 (6.6)	31.4 (6.6)	0.380
STS risk score			0.168
High (≥ 8%)	194 (64.7)	41 (73.2)
Intermediate (4%-7%)	72 (24)	12 (21.4)
Low (< 4%)	34 (11.3)	3 (5.4)
Cardiovascular history
AF	128 (42.7)	28 (49.1)	0.385
CAD	260 (86.7)	51 (89.5)	0.670
MI	62 (20.7)	16 (28.1)	0.223
HF	280 (93.3)	54 (94.7)	1.00
NYHA HF class			0.495
1	4 (1.5)	1 (1.9)
2	101 (38.1)	18 (34)
3	148 (55.8)	30 (56.6)
4	12 (4.5)	4 (7.5)
PCI or stent	134 (44.7)	29 (50.9)	0.469
CABG	47 (15.7)	13 (22.8)	0.182
Previous AV replacement	24 (8.0)	1 (1.8)	0.151
Hypertension	284 (94.7)	56 (98.2)	0.493
Dyslipidemia	271 (90.3)	51 (89.5)	0.810
Diabetes	122 (40.7)	34 (59.6)	0.009
PVD	73 (24.3)	20 (35.1)	0.101
Stroke/TIA	32 (10.7)	8 (14)	0.491
Balloon valvuloplasty	149 (50)	35 (62.5)	0.108
Other comorbidities
COPD	89 (29.7)	11 (19.3)	0.147
Liver disease	4 (1.3)	1 (1.8)	0.583
Cancer	142 (47.3)	26 (45.6)	0.885
Anemia	259 (86.3)	51 (89.5)	0.670
Dialysis	15 (5)	4 (7)	0.521

P values and mean ± SD from a 2-sample t-test were reported for continuous variables. Counts (%) and P values from Fisher’s exact test were reported for categorical variables. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for ordinal variables (STS and NYHA HF class). BMI: Body mass index; PPM: Permanent pacemaker; CAD: Coronary artery disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; PVD: Peripheral vessel disease; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; HF: Heart failure; MI: Myocardial infarction; AF: Atrial fibrillation; STS: Society of thoracic surgeons; PPM: Permanent pacemakers; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft.