Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits with combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Effect of simultaneous application of GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT-2I therapy on HbA1c (%), body weight (kg), and systolic blood pressure (mmHg) in randomized controlled trialx

Ref.	Parameters studied	Duration (wk)	(A) ∆GLP-1 RA	(B) ∆SGLT-2I	(C) ∆GLP-1 RA + SGLT-2I	(A + B) ∆Sum of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i	Effect of (C) compared to (A + B)
Frías et al[16], 2016; Jabbour et al[17], 2018; Birnbaum et al[18], 2018	HbA1c	28	-1.60	-1.40	-2.00	-3.00	Less than additive
		52	-1.38	-1.23	-1.75	-2.61	Less than additive
		104	-1.29	-1.06	-1.70	-2.35	Less than additive
Ikonomidis et al[19], 2018	HbA1c	12	-1.30	-0.80	-1.50	-2.10	Less than additive
Ali et al[12], 2020	HbA1c	16	-1.44	-0.89	-1.67	-2.33	Less than additive
Frías et al[16], 2016; Jabbour et al[17], 2018; Birnbaum et al[18], 2018	Body weight	28	-1.56	-2.22	-3.55	-3.78	Nearly additive
		52	-1.51	-2.28	-3.31	-3.79	Nearly additive
		104	-0.80	-3.00	-2.50	-3.80	Less than additive
Ikonomidis et al[19], 2018	Body weight	12	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Ali et al[12], 2020	Body weight	16	-1.90	-3.50	-6.00	-5.40	More than additive
Frías et al[16], 2016; Jabbour et al[17], 2018; Birnbaum et al[18], 2018	SBP	28	-1.20	-1.80	-4.30	-3.00	More than additive
		52	-0.70	-2.70	-4.50	-3.40	More than additive
		104	-0.10	-1.10	-3.10	-1.20	More than additive
Ikonomidis et al[19], 2018	SBP	12	-3.00	-4.00	-4.00	-7.00	Less than additive
Ali et al[12], 2020	SBP	16	-5.10	-5.20	-14.10	-10.30	More than additive

GLP-1RA: GLP-1 receptor agonists; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin; NR: Not reported; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; SGLT-2I: SGLT-2 inhibitors.