Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: New horizon of the heart failure pharmacotherapy

Table 1 Landmark clinical trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Ref.	Population (n)	Age, yr (mean)	Intervention	Follow-up period (median)	Patients with a history of HF	Patients with a history of CVD	Main results
EMPA-REG[1]	T2DM (7028)	63.1	Empagliflozin	3.1 yr	10.1%	100%	CV death or HF (HR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.55–0.79)
							HF (HR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.50–0.85)
							CV death (HR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.49–0.77)
CANVAS[3]	T2DM (9734)	63.3	Canagliflozin	2.4 yr	14.4%	65.6%	CV death or HF (HR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.67–0.91)
							HF (HR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.52–0.87)
							CV death (HR, 0.87 95%CI, 0.72–1.06)
DECLARE-TIMI 58[4]	T2DM (17160)	63.9	Dapagliflozin	4.2 yr	10.0%	40.6%	CV death or HF (HR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.73–0.95)
							HF (HR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.61–0.88)
							CV death (HR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.82–1.17)
VERTIS-CV[5]	T2DM (8246)	64.4	Ertugliflozin	3.5 yr (mean)	23.7%	71.4%1	CV death or HF (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.75–1.03)
							HF (HR, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.54–0.90)
							CV death (HR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.77–1.11)

¹Numbers are % of patients with coronary artery disease. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CV: Cardiovascular; HF: Heart failure; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.