High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases - The key to an efficient exercise protocol

Table 3 Mode, intensity, and VO_2peak increment in high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training (congestive heart failure or diastolic dysfunction) in randomized

Study	Published yr	Sample	n	HIIT	MCT	Duration	Mode	VO2peak pre		VO2peak %increase
								HIIT	MCT	HIIT (%)	MCT (%)
1 Dimo-poulos et al[24]	2006	CHF	24 (HIIT = 10)	3 d/wk, 30 seconds@100% WRp, 30 s rest	3 d/wk, 40 mins@50%WRp	36 sessions	bike	15.4	15.5	7.8	5.8
2 Wisloff et al[22]	2007	CHF, Post MI	27 (HIIT = 9)	3 d (2 d supervised)/wk 4 × 4 min @90%-95%HRpeak, 3 min active recovery 50%-70% HRpeak, total 38 min	3 d (2 d supervised)/wk, 47 min@70%-75% HRpeak, isoload to HIIT	12 wk	TM	13	13	46a	14
3 Roditis et al[46]	2007	CHF	21 (HIIT = 11)	3 d/wk 30 secc @WRpeak 30 s rest, total of 40 min	3 d/wk 40 min@50%WRpeak, equal to total work of HIIT	36 sessions	bike	14.2	15.3	8.5	8.5
4 Smart et al[47]	2012	CHF (LVEF< 35%)	20 (HIIT = 10)	3 d/wk 30 × 1 min @70% VO2peak, 1 min recovery	3 d/wk 30 min@70%VO2peak, same absolute volume of work	16 wk	bike	12.2	12.4	21	13
5 Freyssin et al[26]	2012	CHF (LVEF< 40%)	26 (HIIT = 12)	5 d/wk 12 × 30 sec@50% (4 wk) + 80% (4 wk) of maximum powerb 1 min @ complete rest	5 d/wk 45 min@HRVT1c	8 wk	Bike (HIIT), bike + TM (MCT)	10.7	10.8	27.1a	1.9
6 Fu et al[44]	2013	CHF (LVEF≦40%) NYHA II, III	45 (HIIT = 15)	3 d/wk 5 × 3 min@80%VO2peak 3 min recovery@40% VO2peak	3 d/wk 60 min @60% VO2peak, isoload to Int	12 wk	bike	16	15.9	22.5b	0.6
7 Iellamo et al	2013	CHF with OMI (LVEF< 40%)	20 (HIIT = 10)	2-5 d/wk 2-4 × 4 min@75%-80%HRR, 3 min active pause walk@45%-50%HRR	2-5 d/wk 30-45 min @45%-60%HRR, equated training load (TRIMPi)	12 wk	TM	18.7	18.4	8 22	4 22
8 Hollekim-Strand et al[20]	2014	diastolic dysfunction with Diabetes mellitus	37 (HIIT = 20)	3 d/wk 4 × 4 min @90%-95%HRpeak, total 40 min	Current guideline 10 min/bout 210 min/wk)	12 wk, Home-based thereafter	unknown	31.5	33.2	13.0a	3.6
9 Angadi et al[25]	2015	CHF with preserved EF	15 (HIIT = 9)	3 d/wk 4 × 4 min @85%-90%HRpeak, 3 min active recovery	3 d/wk 30 min@70%HRpeak	4 wk		19.2	16.9	9.4a	0
10 Ellingsen et al[45]	SMARTex-HF, 2017	Stable CHF (NYHA2-3) EF≦35%	200 (3 arms) (HIIT=77)	25 sessions 4 × 4 min@90%-95% HRpeak, 3 min active recovery 50%-70% HRpeak total 38 min	25 sessions, 47 min@60-70%HRpeak	12 wk	bike or TM	0.9	1.1	5.4	6.8
11 Suchy C et al	OptimEX-CLIN, Ongoing	HFpEF	180 (HIIT 60)	3 d/wk 4 × 4 min@ 90%-95% HR peak, 3 min active recovery 50%-70% HRpeak, total 38 min	5 d/wk 40 min@60%-70%HRpeak	3, 12 mo, home-based after 3 mo	bike	?	?	?	?

Controlled Trials Adapted from Ito S et al. Internal Medicine. 2016; 55: 2329-2336.

^a in pre VO_2peak % increase raw: There is significant difference in % increase of VO_2peak between HIIT and MCT. Study 5: ^b each training session consisted of 3 series (12 repetitions of 30 s of exercises, separated by 5 minutes of rest); ^c half of the MCT was on a treadmill and half on a bike. Study 6: ^b pre versus post (not between groups). Study 7: Study hypothesis is similar adaptation in HIIT and MCT. Study 9: ^a evaluated by standardized effect size (d = 0.94) Bike: Cycle ergometer; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; EF: Ejection fraction; HR_peak: Peak heart rate; HIIT: High intensity interval training; HRVT1: Heart rate at the first ventilator threshold; HRR: Heart rate reserve; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MCT: Moderate-intensity continuous training; MI: Myocardial infarction; min, minute; NYHA: New York Heart Association; RCP: Respiratory compensation point; VAT: Ventilator anaerobic threshold; PPO: Peak power output; TM: Treadmill; VO2R: VO2 reserve; VT1: First ventilator threshold; WRp: Peak work rate.