Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: A comprehensive review and future research directions

Table 2 International takotsubo syndrome diagnostic criteria

Diagnostic criteria
Left ventricular dysfunction usually extending beyond a single coronary territory.
Sometimes triggered by emotional, physical or combined stress.
Acute neurologic disorders, including pheochromocytoma, may become triggers.
New ECG abnormalities. Rare cases can present with without ECG shifts.
Moderate troponin elevation. Usually, significantly high brain natriuretic peptide.
Can have concomitant CAD.
No evidence of infectious myocarditis usually excluded by CMR.
Mostly present in postmenopausal women.

CAD: Coronary artery disease; CMR: Cardiac magnetic resonance; ECG: Electrocardiogram.