Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in obese patients with negative exercise echocardiography

Table 3 Univariate analysis of adverse events (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident)

	Hazard ratio	95% Confidence interval	P value
Age	1.1	1.05-1.15	< 0.001a
Male sex	0.68	0.31-1.50	0.338
Hypertension	2.52	0.75-8.44	0.134
Diabetes mellitus	1.42	0.60-3.38	0.427
Dyslipidaemia	1.89	0.82-4.36	0.134
Current smoker	1.23	0.52-2.95	0.635
Family history of premature CAD	2.17	0.65-7.26	0.21
No cardiovascular risk factors	0.3	0.04-2.24	0.242
High/very high SCORE	2.15	0.98-4.71	0.055
Atrial fibrillation	2.45	0.98-6.10	0.055
CAD PTP ≥ 65%	1.44	0.57-3.60	0.441
BMI, kg/m2	0.93	0.80-1.09	0.381
Fasting plasma glucose	1	0.99-1.01	0.863
Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2	0.98	0.96-0.99	0.002a
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	1	0.99-1.00	0.333
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	1	0.95-1.02	0.409
Triglycerides, mg/dL	1	0.99-1.01	0.189
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	0.99	0.98-1.01	0.294
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	0.98	0.91-1.06	0.563
Moderate mitral regurgitation	5.29	1.57-17.84	0.007a
Moderate aortic regurgitation	4.24	0.57-31.55	0.158
Moderate tricuspid regurgitation	2.03	0.27-15.19	0.492
METs	0.77	0.66-0.90	0.001a
CIMT	0.91	0.14-6.19	0.926
CIMT > 0.9 mm	0.79	0.33-1.91	0.603
CP presence	2.52	1.17-5.46	0.019a

^aP < 0.05. BMI: Body mass index; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CIMT: Carotid intima media thickness; CP: Carotid plaque; HDL cholesterol: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; METs: Metabolic equivalents; PTP: Pre-test probability; SCORE: Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation.