Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Biol Chem. Feb 26, 2016; 7(1): 88-99
Published online Feb 26, 2016. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.88
Table 2 Chemopreventive efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in experimental studies
CompoundsChemopreventive agent administered (before + during + after carcinogen treatment) route-range of dosePrevention of carcinogen induced tumors
Pathways modulated
No. of studies reporting protectionSelected ref.
Target organsTumor multiplicity/tumor incidence (#)Latency periodCell proliferation/apoptosisDetoxication pathways
TocopherolsDiet: 0.3%, 100-4000 mg/kgLung, Vagina, Prostate, Colon, Mammary gland↓(3)/NRNR↓(3)/↑(2)↑(2)8[76,77]
IndolesDiet: 0.25%, 500- 4000 ppm, 0.014 mmol/g, 112 μmol/g, Gavage 50-250 mg/kg BWEndometrium, Liver, Mammary gland, Lung↓(5)/↓(2)↓(4)/↑(3)↑(3)14[31]
Genisteins.c.: 100-400 mg/mL (100 μL), Gavage: 1-500 mg/kg BWMammary gland, Prostate, Seminal vesicles, Buccal pouch, Uterous, Colon, Lung↓(5)/↓(2)NR↓(5)/↑(3)↑(3)20[78]
Diet: 100-300 mg/kg
CurcuminDiet: 0.05%-2%, 500-2000 ppm, Topical: 1-100, 3000 nmolSkin, Digestive system, Intestine1, Mammary gland, Liver, Kidney, Cheek pouch, Esophagus↓(14)/↓(8)NR↓(12)/↑(8)↑(9)23[79-82]
Dially sulphidei.g.: 150-200 mg/kg BW, Topical: 0.5%-1% (100 μL)Colon, Kidney, Forestomach, Urinary bladder, Thymus, Lung, Esophagus, Buccal pouch, Skin, Liver, Colon, Kidney↓(6)/↓(2)NR↓(5)/↑(3)↑(2)17[83,84]
ResveratrolDiet: 60-200 mg/kgUrinary bladder, Skin, Mammary gland1, Buccal pouch, Tounge, Prostate, Lung, Salivary gland↓(5)/↓(1)↓(7)/↑(6)↑(4)24[85-88]
RetinoidsTopical (Oral): 0.5-1.0 mmol/kg BWUrinary bladder, Skin, Mammary glands1, Buccal puch, Tounge, Prostate, Lung, Salivary gland↓(6)/↓(1)-/-NR16[89-91]
Diet: 150-200 mg/kg
CapsaicinDiet: 1% capsaicinoids (64.5% capsaicin), Topical (Oral): 10-102 mg/kg BWLung, Skin, Tongue, Colon↓(4)/NR-↓(4)/↑(3)NR10[92,93]
Phenethy isothiocyanateDiet: 5-25 μmol/g, 0.01%-0.1%Lung, Esophagus, Urinary bladder, Colon↓(3)/↓(1)NR-/-NR9[94-96]
LycopeneDrinking water: 17 ppmProstate, Lung, Colon, Mammary gland1, Buccal pouch, Liver↓(5)/↓(2)↓(4)/↑(5)↑(5)18[97]
Diet: 10-300 mg/kg Gavage: 15-20 mg/kg BW
Green, Black tea polyphenolsDrinking water: 1%-5%, 200-1000 ppmLiver, Skin, Mammary gland, Lung, Buccal pouch, Colon, Esophagus, Prostate gland↓(15)/↓(6)↓(9)/↑(10)↑(8)24[98-104]
Diet: 0.05%, Topical: 1-200 mg/animal