Serum leptin level in Sudanese women with unexplained infertility and its relationship with some reproductive hormones

Table 1 Comparison of the examined variables (demographic variables and serum biochemical parameters) in the women with unexplained infertility and fertile women in Sudan

Variable	Unexplained infertility group, n = 210		Fertile group, n = 190		Effect size	P value
	mean ± SD	95%CI	mean ± SD	95%CI
Age in yr	28.59 ± 5.22	27.87-29.3	28.44 ± 4.95	27.73-29.15	0.0202	0.7314
BMI in kg/m2	24.67 ± 4.08	24.11-25.22	24.41 ± 4.38	23.78-25.03	0.0462	0.4244
WHR	0.844 ± 0.108	0.829-0.859	0.837 ± 0.114	0.821-0.854	0.0322	0.5754
Leptin in ng/mL	30.05 ± 5.22	29.34-30.76	22.89 ± 6.48	21.96-23.81	1.2251	< 0.0013
FSH in IU/L	6.42 ± 2.82	6.04-6.81	9.52 ± 2.79	9.12-9.92	0.5582	< 0.0014
LH in IU/L	10.32 ± 3.37	9.86-10.78	7.78 ± 2.19	7.46-8.09	0.4232	< 0.0014
LH/FSH ratio	1.7 ± 0.339	1.65-1.75	0.82 ± 0.075	0.81-0.83	3.5021	< 0.0013
PRL in μg/L	17.48 ± 3.434	17.01-17.95	12.52 ± 3.736	11.99-13.06	1.3851	< 0.0013
AMH in ng/mL	2.07 ± 0.418	2.01-2.13	2.43 ± 0.624	2.34-2.52	0.3452	< 0.0014
E2 in nmol/L	121.61 ± 30.54	117.46-125.77	154.86 ± 47.83	148.01-161.7	0.4282	< 0.0014
T in nmol/L	2.43 ± 0.52	2.36-2.51	2.12 ± 0.62	2.04-2.21	0.5431	< 0.0013
E2/T ratio	49.59 ± 3.97	49.05-50.13	72.69 ± 5.52	71.9-73.48	0.9872	< 0.0014

¹Effect size is given by Cohen’s d.

²Effect size is given by the rank biserial correlation.

³Student’s t-test.

⁴Mann-Whitney U-test.

AMH: Anti-Mullerian hormone; BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; E2: Estradiol; FSH: Follicular stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; PRL: Prolactin hormone; SD: Standard deviation; T: Testosterone; WHR: Waist/hip ratio.