Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A study from India on the impact of evolution from a low to a high volume unit

Table 4 Operative details

Variable	Low volume (< 10 PDs/yr), n = 20	Medium volume (10-24 PDs/yr), n = 44	High volume (≥ 25 PDs/yr), n = 136	P value
Duration of surgery in minutes, mean ± SD	246.3 ± 20.6	227.7 ± 47.5	125.5 ± 16.1	< 0.001
Operative blood loss in millilitre, mean ± SD	1098.5 ± 163.8	932.3 ± 207.5	415.9 ± 82.7	< 0.001
Intraoperative blood transfusion required, no of patients (%)	20 (100)	41 (93.2)	23 (16.9)	< 0.001
Mean blood units transfused, mean ± SD	1.3 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.4 (0-1)	< 0.001
Pancreatic texture, n (%)
Soft	4 (20.0)	11 (25.0)	30 (22.1)
Intermediate	11 (55.0)	20 (45.5)	72 (52.9)	0.925
Firm	5 (25.0)	13 (29.5)	34 (25.0)
Pancreatic duct diameter at neck, n (%)
< 3 mm	7 (35.0)	12 (27.3)	46 (33.8)	0.700
≥ 3 mm	13 (65.0)	32 (72.7)	90 (66.2)
Feeding jejunostomy, n (%)	15 (75.0)	26 (59.1)	10 (7.4)	< 0.001

PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy.