Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A study from India on the impact of evolution from a low to a high volume unit

Table 2 Demographic characterization

Variable	Low volume (< 10 PDs/yr), n = 20	Medium volume (10-24 PDs/yr), n = 44	High volume (≥ 25 PDs/yr), n = 136	P value
Gender (male/female)	12/8	25/19	80/56	0.963
Age (yr), mean ± SD	58.95 ± 10.44	59.22 ± 10.29	62.58 ± 9.05	0.059
BMI, mean ± SD	21.00 ± 2.55	21.59 ± 2.76	21.45 ± 2.50	0.691
ASA score, n (%)
1	3 (15.0)	6 (13.6)	16 (11.8)
2	12 (60.0)	26 (59.2)	78 (57.4)
3	4 (20.0)	10 (22.7)	34 (25.0)	0.996
4	1 (50.0)	2 (4.5)	8 (5.8)
Jaundice, n (%)	16 (80.0)	32 (72.7)	105 (77.2)	0.770
Abdominal pain, n (%)	7 (35.0)	15 (34.1)	40 (29.4)	0.776
Vomiting, n (%)	4 (20.0)	7 (15.9)	24 (17.6)	0.920
Cholangitis, n (%)	3 (15.0)	6 (13.6)	26 (19.1)	0.674
Diabetes, n (%)	3 (15.0)	9 (20.5)	23 (16.9)	0.825
CV disease, n (%)	3 (15.0)	7 (15.9)	18 (13.2)	0.898
Cold, n (%)	2 (10.0)	4 (9.1)	8 (5.9)	0.659
Preoperative Hb (mg/dL), mean ± SD	9.37 ± 1.19	9.73 ± 1.44	9.62 ± 1.19	0.558
Preoperative albumin (mg/dL)	3.33 ± 0.52	3.52 ± 0.58	3.56 ± 2.68	0.914
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL), mean ± SD	9.48 ± 5.38	8.56 ± 4.00	9.11 ± 5.38	0.754
Preoperative biliary stenting, n (%)	3 (15.0)	8 (18.2)	19 (14.0)	0.794