Need for simulation in laparoscopic colorectal surgery training

Table 1 Distinctive features and challenges of laparoscopic surgery[20]

Features	Challenges
Two dimensional vision	Reduced perception of depth
A disturbed eye-hand-target axis	Decreases ergonomy and dexterity
Long and inflexible instruments	Natural hand tremor magnified
Rigid instruments with five degrees of freedom	Decreased dexterity and range of motion
Fixed abdominal entry points	Limited freedom of motion and movement of the instrument: The fulcrum effect
Camera instability	Increased fatigue
Limited tactile feedback	Decreases dexterity