Navigating anatomical complexity in laparoscopic sigmoid cancer surgery: A three-dimension reconstruction protocol for intraoperative safety and efficiency

Table 2 Perioperative characteristics of the sigmoid colon cancer patients

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 51)	t value/χ2	P value
T			0.416	0.677
T1/T2	37	37
T3/T4	18	14
N			0.237	0.813
N0	39	38
N+	16	13
Lymph vessel invasion			0.173	0.678
Yes	16	13
No	39	38
Nerve invasion			0.043	0.835
Yes	15	13
No	40	38
Number of lymph node dissections	16.91 ± 5.74	14.45 ± 5.66	2.197	0.030
Operating time (minutes)	172.91 ± 20.69	190.29 ± 32.29	3.272	0.002
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	31.45 ± 11.82	44.12 ± 23.36	3.525	0.001
Postoperative exhaust time (day)	2.23 ± 0.54	2.53 ± 0.61	2.256	0.013
Postoperative length of stay (days)
mean ± SD	8.6 ± 2.6	10.5 ± 4.9	2.754	0.014
Median (IQR)	8.00 (8.00, 10.00)	9.00 (7.00, 12.00)		0.201
Hospital length of stay (days)
mean ± SD	13.47 ± 1.74	16.20 ± 7.71	2.256	0.013
Median (IQR)	14.00 (12.00, 15.00)	35.1 (31.4, 38.6)		0.169
Intestinal obstruction				1.000
Yes	2	1
No	53	50
Anastomotic leakage				0.497
Yes	0	2
No	55	59
Wound infection				0.486
Yes	0	1
No	54	50