Navigating anatomical complexity in laparoscopic sigmoid cancer surgery: A three-dimension reconstruction protocol for intraoperative safety and efficiency

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the sigmoid colon cancer patients

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 51)	t value/χ2	P value
Age (years)	69.27 ± 12.38	66.31 ± 14.20	1.134	0.259
Gender			0.019	0.891
Male	32	29
Female	23	22
Height (cm)	162.96 ± 8.09	163.06 ± 8.99	0.057	0.955
Weight (kg)	61.85 ± 12.67	61.95 ± 11.01	0.041	0.967
BMI (kg/m2)	23.20 ± 3.94	23.192 ± 3.06	0.008	0.993
Clinical stage			3.931	0.140
I	13	21
II	26	17
III	16	13
Tumor location			0.489	0.783
Upper	5	6
Middle	17	13
Lower	33	32
IMA types			0.642	0.887
I	27	25
II	10	12
III	15	12
IV	3	2
Surgical approach			0.617	0.735
Left hemicolectomy	8	10
Sigmoid colectomy	19	15
Low anterior resection	28	26

BMI: Body mass index; IMA: Inferior mesenteric artery.