Inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula: Three case reports

Figure 1 Endoscopies, pathology and imaging of the three cases. A: Endoscopy from case 1 showed diffuse ulceration in the rectum; B: Pathology of the rectum showed epithelial damage and exfoliation, crypt distortion, stromal hemorrhage with local hyaline degeneration, capillary dilation in the stroma, and local thickening of the vascular wall; C: Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed circumferential wall thickening of the rectum; D: Abdominal CT angiography (CTA) demonstrated an arteriovenous fistula in the inferior mesenteric vessels; E: Endoscopic image of case 2 illustrated diffuse swelling of the rectosigmoid mucosa; F: Epithelial damage and exfoliation, crypt distortion, stromal hemorrhage with local hyaline degeneration, capillary dilation in the stroma, and local thickening of the vascular wall; G: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT depicted edematous thickening of the rectosigmoid wall with surrounding exudates; H: Abdominal CTA revealed an arteriovenous fistula in the inferior mesenteric vessels; I: Endoscopic image of case 3 displayed diffuse mucosal roughness, congestion, and ulceration from the colonic anastomosis to the anal verge; J: Epithelial damage and exfoliation, crypt distortion, stromal hemorrhage with local hyaline degeneration, capillary dilation in the stroma, and local thickening of the vascular wall; K: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT indicated swelling of the colorectal wall distal to the anastomosis with surrounding blurry exudation; L: Abdominal CTA showed an arteriovenous fistula in the inferior mesenteric vessels.