Huangqi decoction ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway in slow transit constipation model mice

Figure 5 Huangqi decoction treatment regulates the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. A: Gene ontology enrichment in ISC_C1 cells between slow transit constipation and Huangqi decoction groups. Odds ratio = gene ratio/background ratio; B: Spatial expression of the Wnt beta catenin signaling and hallmark Notch signaling pathway in epithelial cell regions of a control sample (left), a slow transit constipation sample (middle), and an Huangqi decoction sample (right); C: Pseudotime trajectory analysis of epithelial cells. Left: Trajectory is colored by pseudotime; Right: Trajectory is colored by epithelial cell subtypes; D: The uniform manifold approximation and projection visualization demonstrates CytoTRACE scores across epithelial cell subtypes, with their clustering patterns detailed in Figure 3A; E: Distribution of CytoTRACE scores among epithelial cell subtypes; F: Heatmap showing the dynamic changes in variable gene expression along the pseudotime (top). The distribution of epithelial subtypes during the transition, along with the pseudo-time (bottom). Subtypes are labeled by colors. Gene ontology enrichment was performed by variable genes; G: Smooth curves show changes of the Wnt beta catenin signaling and Notch signaling pathways expression in epithelial cell. CON: Control group; STC: Group of slow transit constipation model; HQD: Groups of treatment of Huangqi decoction; UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection; ISC: Intestinal stem cell.