Preoperative and postoperative complications as risk factors for delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A single-center retrospective study

Table 1 Univariate analysis of delayed gastric emptying in 114 cases after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Clinical indexes	n	Postoperative delayed gastric emptying		χ2/t	P value
		Yes	No
Sex				0.002	0.965
Male	66	19	47
Female	48	14	34
Age (yr)		62.00 ± 9.47	62.63 ± 9.72	0.316	0.752
Preoperative systemic disease				3.271	0.071
With	44	17	27
Without	70	16	54
Preoperative nutritional status				0.729	0.393
Good	92	25	67
Poor	22	8	14
Pylorus preservation				4.731	0.03
Yes	51	20	31
No	63	13	50
Lymph node dissection				2.451	0.117
Yes	58	13	45
No	56	20	36
Operation time (min)		216.54 ± 63.23	233.56 ± 66.35	1.259	0.211
Gastrointestinal anastomosis mode				4.731	0.03
Antecolic anastomosis	63	13	50
Retrocolic anastomosis	51	20	31
Intraoperative hemorrhage (mL)		327.27 ± 185.86	367.28 ± 273.54	0.77	0.443
Postoperative pancreatic fistula				0.277	0.871
Without	61	17	44
Mild	41	13	28
Severe	12	3	9
Postoperative abdominal complications				8.551	0.003
With	62	25	37
Without	52	8	44
Early enteral nutrition				0.215	0.643
With	9	2	7
Without	105	31	74
Hb on postoperative day 1		117.23 ± 16.21	115.45 ± 18.23	0.488	0.627
Hb on postoperative day 4		113.12 ± 13.45	108.23 ± 14.32	1.682	0.095
Hb on postoperative day 7		109.64 ± 14.42	109.87 ± 14.23	0.078	0.938
ALB on postoperative day 1		30.93 ± 4.05	30.52 ± 3.73	0.519	0.605
ALB on postoperative day 4		34.85 ± 4.01	32.20 ± 5.22	2.616	0.01
ALB on postoperative day 7		34.52 ± 5.16	33.62 ± 4.27	0.959	0.339

Hb: Hemoglobin; ALB: Albumin.