Low preoperative skeletal muscle index increases the risk of mortality among resectable pancreatic cancer patients: A retrospective study

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for overall survival following pancreatic cancer resection

Factor	Univariate analysis	P value	Multivariate analysis	P value
	HR (95%CI)		HR (95%CI)
Age ≥ 65 yr	1.661 (0.905-3.051)	0.102
Male sex	0.686 (0.371-1.267)	0.228
BMI < 20.0 underweight	0.534 (0.262-1.085)	0.083
BMI ≥ 25.0 obesity	0.631 (0.322-1.233)	0.178
Albumin < 3.8 g/dL	1.146 (0.550-2.388)	0.716
Low SMI	2.805 (1.559-5.045)	0.001b	2.307 (1.210-4.402)	0.011a
Low SMD	2.395 (1.261-4.550)	0.008b	2.093 (1.000-4.379)	0.05
Tumor location, head	1.620 (0.870-3.019)	0.128
Tumor size > 2 cm	1.107 (0.494-2.480)	0.805
Differentiation poor	3.102 (0.947-10.158)	0.061
Nodal metastases	1.853 (1.022-3.358)	0.042a	2.308 (1.200-4.442)	0.012a
Perineural invasion	2.303 (0.701-7.564)	0.169
R1 Resection	1.165 (0.415-3.267)	0.772
TNM stage III	1.515 (0.673-3.414)	0.316
Adjuvant therapy	0.528 (0.284-0.980)	0.043a	0.480 (0.242-0.952)	0.036a
CA19-9 > 200 KU/L	1.891 (1.021-3.504)	0.043a	0.851 (0.428-1.689)	0.644
NLR > 2.6	1.630 (0.911-2.916)	0.099
PLR > 108	2.208 (1.150-4.238)	0.017a	1.296 (0.517-3.250)	0.58
SIII > 400	1.911 (1.044-3.500)	0.036a	1.338 (0.586-3.057)	0.489

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SIII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; SMI: Skeletal muscle index; SMD: Skeletal muscle radiodensity; CI: Confidence interval.