Association between dairy intake, lipids and vascular structure and function in diabetes

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants n (%)

Characteristic	Cohort (n = 108)
Age (yr)	58 ± 14
Weight (kg)	96.2 ± 20.6
BMI (kg/m2)	32.6 ± 6.4
Sex
Female	40 (37)
Male	68 (63)
Diabetes type
Type 1	14 (13)
Type 2	94 (87)
Time since diabetes diagnosis (yr)
Type 1	21 ± 13
Type 2	8 ± 7
Smoking status
Never smoked	56 (52)
Past smoker	47 (43)
Current smoker	5 (5)
Smoking pack years (years)a	10.5 ± 16.3
Prescribed anti-hypertensive medication	66 (61)
Prescribed lipid lowering medication	61 (57)
Diabetes treatment
None	22 (20)
OHA	49 (46)
Insulin	16 (15)
OHA + insulin	21 (19)
Presence of Microalbuminuria1	14 (13)
HbA1c	7.1 ± 1.2

All values are mean ± SD or n (%) where specified;

^aSmoking pack years = number packs (25 cigarettes)/day × number years smoked;

¹Albumin:creatinine > 2.5 for men and > 3.5 for women. BMI: Body mass index; OHA: Oral hypoglycaemic agents.