Neutral protamine hagedorn/regular insulin in the treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia: Comparison of 3 basal-bolus regimens

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics

	NPH × 1	NPH × 2	NPH × 3	P
n	30	40	35
Age (yr, X ± DS)	60 ± 15	58 ± 15	54 ± 14	0.39
Gender (% female)	12 (40)	20 (50)	22 (63)	0.18
Unknown history of T2DM, n (%)	12 (40.0)	4 (10.0)	4 (11.4)	0.01
Duration of T2DM (yr), med (min-max)	5 (0-30)	15 (0-30)	10 (0-25)	0.01
Prior T2DM therapy, n (%)				0.02
None	17 (56.7)	7 (17.5)	9 (25.7)
Oral antidiabetics	9 (30.0)	20 (50.0)	15 (42.9)
Insulin	4 (13.3)	21 (52.5)	15 (42.9)
Insulin + oral antidiabetics	-	8 (20.0)	4 (11.4)
Charlson score, med (min-max)	3 (1-9)	3 (1-5)	3 (1-7)	0.14
Hospitalization diagnosis, n (%)
Coronary artery disease	7 (23.3)	13 (32.5)	11 (31.4)	0.69
Infectious disease	5 (16.7)	13 (32.5)	9 (25.7)	0.35
Neoplasm	7 (23.3)	3 (7.5)	2 (5.7)	0.051
Dysrhythmias	4 (13.3)	1 (2.5)	2 (5.7)	0.23
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	4 (13.3)	1 (2.5)	3 (8.6)	0.24
Pancreatitis	2 (6.7)	1 (2.5)	1 (2.9)	0.68
Stroke	-	2 (5.0)	1 (2.9)	0.78
Other	1 (3.3)	6 (15.0)	6 (15.0)	0.88
Hypertension, n (%)	8 (26.7)	12 (31.6)	15 (42.9)	0.33
Body mass index (kg/m2), X ± DS	26.4 ± 5.2	27.5 ± 5.6	27.5 ± 5.3	0.65
HbA1c (%), X ± DS	9.5 ± 2.4	10.2 ± 2.4	10.4 ± 2.8	0.45
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	80 ± 26	88 ± 26	90 ± 30
Admission blood glucose (mg/dL), X ± DS	272 ± 84	308 ± 62	306 ± 70	0.08
Glomerular filtration rate1 (mL/min), X ± DS	77.3 ± 32.9	86.9 ± 30.1	92.4 ± 23.4	0.13
Treatment follow-up (d), med (min-max)	6 (2-14)	6 (2-14)	7 (2-14)	0.41
Hospital stay (d), med (min-max)	8 (4-31)	8 (2-28)	10 (4-36)	0.39

¹Calculated with Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.