Impact of diabetes mellitus on risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Evidence on health outcomes and antidiabetic treatment in United States adults

Table 4 Proportion of antidiabetic medication use in patients with diabetes by gender

	Male		Female
	%	(SEP)	%	(SEP)	P value
By groups
Monotherapy	38.11	(1.19)	40.36	(1.06)	0.291
Combination	51.89	(1.27)	49.38	(1.10)
No drug	10.00	(0.83)	10.26	(0.66)
Monotherapy
Biguanides (Metformin)	27.32	(1.89)	33.24	(1.57)	0.008
SU	25.86	(1.72)	21.88	(1.34)
Insulin	37.20	(1.85)	33.01	(1.42)
Others	9.63	(1.16)	11.87	(0.95)
Combination
Metformin + SU	20.05	(1.34)	21.94	(1.10)	0.422
TZD + Any (insulin excluded)	13.56	(1.25)	13.11	(0.87)
Insulin + Any (TZD excluded)	15.25	(1.38)	16.91	(1.07)
Metformin + SU + TZD	7.72	(0.86)	6.75	(0.69)
Metformin + SU + Insulin	6.89	(0.87)	4.97	(0.61)
Any other combinations	36.52	(1.85)	36.32	(1.44)

P values were given by χ² test. Others include alpha glucosidase inhibitors, meglinitides, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, amylin analogs, and incretin mimetics. TZD: Thiazolidinedione; SU: Sulfonylureas; SEP: Standard error of proportion.