Association of comorbidities with increasing severity of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Demographics for cohorts with diabetes mellitus n (%)

	Type 1 diabetes only	Type 1 diabetesplus comorbidity	Type 2 diabetesonly	Type 2diabetes plus comorbidity
Patients	31	19	228	91
Duration of disease (mo)	316 ± 26	310 ± 25	107 ± 7	150 ± 12a
HbA1c level (%)	11.2 ± 1.4	11.7 ± 1.6	9.8 ± 0.2	11.2 ± 0.3a
Age (yr)	50 ± 7	54 ± 8	62.0 ± 1.8	61.0 ± 1.4
Sex (male)	17 (55)	12 (63)	91 (40)	36 (40)
	Nature of comorbidities	15 (79)		63 (69)
	lipid disorder
	Low cobalamin/elevated MMA	9 (47)		36 (40)
	Monoclonal gammopathy	2 (11)		4 (4)
	Thyroid disease	5 (26)		11 (12)
	Uremia	7 (37)		13 (14)
	Autoimmune diseases	4 (21)		8 (9)
	Alcoholism	3 (16)		10 (11)
	Hypertension	13 (68)		74 (81)
Medications
Insulin	31 (100)	19 (100)	55 (23)	24 (26)
Metformin			198 (86)	80 (88)
Glyburide			155 (68)	63 (69)
Gliclazide			41 (18)	11 (12)
Statins/Ezetemide	21 (68)	9 (47)	146 (64)	48 (53)
Blood pressure medications	22 (71)	14 (74)	118 (52)	57 (62)
Thyroid replacement	12 (39)	5 (26)	38 (17)	14 (15)
SSRIs	4 (13)	2 (11)	28 (12)	16 (18)
Anxiolytics/Sedatives	8 (26)	3 (16)	48 (21)	13 (14)
NSAIDs	12 (39)	9 (47)	104 (46)	55 (60)
Acetaminophen	6 (19)	3 (16)	37 (16)	17 (19)
Gabapentin	5 (16)	4 (21)	41 (18)	15 (16)
Pregabalin	4 (13)	3 (16)	36 (16)	11 (12)
Codeine	3 (10)	4 (21)	31 (13)	8 (9)
Amitriptyline	3 (10)	3 (16)	25 (11)	6 (7)
Oxycocet	1 (3)	2 (11)	18 (8)	4 (4)
Nortriptyline	1 (3)	1 (5)	12 (5)	4 (4)
Duloxetine	2 (6)	3 (16)	22 (10)	5 (5)
Venlafaxine	3 (10)	2 (11)	25 (11)	4 (4)
Fentanyl	1 (3)	2 (11)	6 (3)	3 (3)
Tramadol	1 (3)	0 (0)	8 (3)	2 (2)
Morphine	0 (0)	2 (11)	7 (3)	3 (3)

^aP < 0.05 vs type 2 diabetes only and type 2 diabetes plus comorbidity cohort. MMA: Methylmalonic acid; SSRIs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.