Preventive carnosine supplementation attenuates painful diabetic neuropathy via restoring mitochondrial function and suppressing inflammasome activation

Figure 6 Effects of carnosine intervention on mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fission, and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation in PC12 cells. ^cP < 0.001 vs the control group; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001 vs the high-glucose group. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for Figure 6B, D-I. For Figure 6A and B, n = 5; for Figure 6C-I, n = 4. A: Representative fluorescence images of JC-1 monomers/aggregates in PC12 cells. Scale bar = 20 μm; B: Mitochondrial membrane potential level in PC12 cells; C-H: Impact on the expression levels of proteins related to mitochondrial fission and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation in PC12 cells, including representative electrophoresis bands and relative expression levels; I: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showing the effect on interleukin-1β expression level in PC12 cells. NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3; Drp1: Dynamin-related protein 1; HG: High-glucose; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β.