Impact of longer diabetes duration and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate on cardiovascular complications and mortality: A nationwide population-based study

Table 4 Impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate on death based on diabetes duration

Diabetes duration	eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	n	Events (n)	Incidence rate (per 1000 person-years)	HR (95%CI)
					Model 11	Model 22	Model 33
New-onset	≥ 90	427078	7135	4.33	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
	60–90	259089	7509	7.49	1.724 (1.669-1.780)	0.957 (0.926-0.989)	0.943 (0.913-0.975)
	30–60	18770	1765	24.78	5.695 (5.406-5.999)	1.406 (1.332-1.483)	1.345 (1.275-1.420)
	< 30	767	133	48.28	11.150 (9.392-13.236)	2.800 (2.357-3.326)	2.673 (2.250-3.176)
	ESKD	757	64	22.63	5.215 (4.077-6.670)	2.839 (2.219-3.631)	2.814 (2.200-3.600)
< 5 yr	≥ 90	291515	6400	5.57	1.276 (1.234-1.320)	1.056 (1.020-1.092)	1.013 (0.979-1.048)4
	60–90	193292	6614	8.66	1.980 (1.915-2.047)	0.971 (0.938-1.005)4	0.932 (0.900-0.965)
	30–60	21810	1881	22.33	5.110 (4.857-5.376)	1.439 (1.365-1.516)	1.339 (1.270-1.412)
	< 30	904	137	41.82	9.651 (8.15-11.429)	2.787 (2.352-3.302)	2.444 (2.063-2.897)
	ESKD	1079	96	24.01	5.565 (4.550-6.807)	3.307 (2.703-4.046)	2.716 (2.220-3.324)
5–9 yr	≥ 90	219064	5639	6.54	1.498 (1.446-1.551)	1.000 (0.965-1.036)4	0.913 (0.881-0.947)
	60–90	173265	7305	10.70	2.445 (2.367-2.526)	1.003 (0.969-1.037)4	0.921 (0.889-0.953)
	30–60	27807	2683	24.99	5.714 (5.466-5.974)	1.514 (1.445-1.586)	1.362 (1.300-1.428)
	< 30	1442	275	52.80	12.192 (10.808-13.753)	3.548 (3.143-4.005)	2.942 (2.605-3.322)
	ESKD	1454	187	34.57	7.978 (6.900-9.224)	4.685 (4.051-5.419)	3.717 (3.213-4.301)
≥ 10 yr	≥ 90	201984	6632	8.43	1.936 (1.872-2.002)	1.006 (0.972-1.041)4	0.816 (0.787-0.845)
	60–90	200657	11112	14.26	3.270 (3.174-3.368)	1.091 (1.057-1.126)	0.885 (0.856-0.915)
	30–60	55283	6091	29.16	6.706 (6.480-6.939)	1.688 (1.627-1.752)	1.300 (1.250-1.351)
	< 30	5010	1081	60.88	14.153 (13.276-15.087)	4.115 (3.854-4.393)	2.926 (2.738-3.128)
	ESKD	4201	810	54.56	12.711 (11.820-13.669)	5.540 (5.147-5.963)	3.629 (3.367-3.912)

¹Unadjusted for age and sex.

²Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low-income status, body mass index, and history of hypertension or dyslipidemia.

³Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low-income status, body mass index, history of hypertension or dyslipidemia, use of insulin, and ≥ 3 oral glucose-lowering drugs.

⁴Insignificant values.

eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD: End-stage kidney disease; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.