Genetics of diabetes

Table 1 List of various circulating microRNAs reported in diabetes mellitus individuals

Mechanism/pathway (diabetes type)	Expression of miRNAs	Ref.
Endothelial dysfunction (T2DM)	↑miR-28-3p	[87]
	↓miR-24
	↓miR-21
	↓miR-20b
	↓miR-15a
	↓miR-126
	↓miR-191
	↓miR-197
	↓miR-223
	↓miR-320
	↓miR-486
	↓miR-150
	↓miR-29b
	↓miR-107
	↓miR-132
	↓miR-144
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↑miR-9	[88]
	↑miR-29a
	↑miR-30d
	↑miR-34a
	↑miR-124a
	↑miR-146a
	↑miR-375
Inflammation (T2DM)	↓miR-146a	[89]
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↑miR-27a	[90]
	↑miR-320a
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↓miR-126	[91-93]
Inflammation (T2DM)	↓miR-103b	[94]
Inflammation (T2DM)	↓miR-126-3p	[95]
	↓miR-21-5p
Inflammation (T2DM)	↓miR-126	[96]
Endothelial dysfunction (T2DM)	↓miR-126	[97]
	↓miR-26a
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↓miR-21	[98]
Inflammation (T2DM)	↓miR-126-3p	[99]
Endothelial dysfunction (T2DM)	↓miR-24	[100]
Platelet reactivity (T2DM)	↓miR-223	[101]
	↓miR-26b
	↓miR-126
	↓miR-140
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↑miR-375	[102]
	↑miR-9
Glucose metabolism (T2DM)	↑miR-30a-5p	[103]
	↑miR-150
	↓miR-103
	↓miR-28-3p
	↓miR-29a
	↓miR-9
	↓miR-15a
	↓miR-126
	↓miR-145
	↓miR-375
	↓miR-223
	↓miR-133
	↓miR-107
Endothelial dysfunction (miR-126); hypoxia (miR-210) (T2DM)	↓miR-126	[104]
	↑miR-210
Angiogenesis (T2DM)	↑miR-193b-3p	[105]
	↑let-7i-5p
	↑miR-199a-3-5p
	↑miR-26b-5p
	↑miR-30b-5p
	↑miR-374a-5p
	↑miR-20a-3p
	↑miR-26a-5p
	↑miR-30c-5p
	↓miR-409-3p
	↓miR-95-3p
Apoptosis (T1DM)	↑miR-21	[106,107]
	↓miR-23a-3p	[108]
	↓miR-23b-3p
	↓miR-149-5p
Inflammation (T1DM)	↑miR-101a	[109]
	↑miR-30b
-cell dysfunction (T1DM)	↑miR-106b-5p	[110,111]
	↑miR-222-3p
	↑miR-181a
T-cell dysfunction (T1DM)	↑miR-26a	[112]
	↑miR-98	[113]
	↑miR-23b
	↑miR-590-5p
-cell lymphopoiesis (T1DM)	↑miR-34a	[114]
DNA damage checkpoint (T1DM)	↑miR-200	[115]
Apoptosis (T1DM)	↓miR-144	[116]
Autoimmune imbalance (T1DM)	↓miR-146a	[117]
MODY	↑miR-103	[118]
MODY	↑miR-224
Glucose metabolism (GDM)	↑miR-222	[119]
	↑miR-98	[120]
	↑miR-518d	[121]
	↑miR-340	[122]
	↑miR-130b, miR148a	[123]
-cell dysfunction (GDM)	↑miR-33a-5p	[124]
	↑miR-330-3p	[125]
	↓miR-494	[126]
	↓miR-96	[127]
	↓miR-221	[128]

miRNAs: MicroRNAs; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; MODY: Maturity-onset diabetes of young.