Association of bone turnover biomarkers with severe intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Table 2 Basic and clinical characteristics of patients in the no severe intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis, intracranial artery stenosis, severe extracranial artery stenosis and combined severe intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis groups

Characteristics	NOCS group (n = 224)	ICAS group (n = 19)	ECAS group (n = 8)	COAS group (n = 6)	P value
Age (yr)	66.0 (11.0)	65.0 (16.0)	67.5 (13.0)	71.0 (10.0)	0.373
Male, n (%)	103 (46.0)	10 (52.6)	5 (62.5)	3 (50)	0.780
Duration of T2DM (yr)	12.0 (14.0)	15.0 (11.0)	18.0 (20.8)	11.5 (7.0)	0.635
Risk factors, n (%)
Hypertension	165 (73.7)	13 (68.4)	5 (62.5)	6 (100)	0.527
Hyperlipidemia	112 (50.0)	4 (21.1)	7 (75.0)	2 (33.3)	0.029
CAD	63 (28.3)	7 (36.8)	2 (25.0)	2 (33.3)	0.826
Previous stroke	22 (9.8)	4 (21.1)	2 (25.0)	3 (50.0)	0.009
Current smoker	67 (29.9)	4 (21.1)	1 (12.5)	2 (33.3)	0.682
Current drinker	59 (26.3)	4 (21.1)	1 (12.5)	0 (0)	0.554
BMI (kg/m2)	25.78 (3.59)	26.06 (3.90)	25.32 (2.33)	23.96 (12.48)	0.821
FPG (mmol/L)	7.49 (3.53)	7.83 (4.13)	7.13 (6.89)	5.76 (2.48)	0.446
HbA1c (%)	7.60 (2.60)	7.90 (3.10)	9.15 (1.70)	7.90 (1.80)	0.067
INS (µIU/mL)	12.00 (10.71)	16.99 (19.11)	12.78 (19.72)	15.90 (25.32)	0.334
CP (ng/mL)	2.33 (1.53)	2.52 (1.45)	1.56 (2.95)	2.03 (2.31)	0.599
TC (mmol/L)	4.27 (1.41)	3.85 (1.98)	4.92 (2.35)	4.35 (2.25)	0.535
TG (mmol/L)	1.50 (1.39)	1.59 (1.31)	1.29 (1.31)	1.16 (1.85)	0.585
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.39 (1.20)	2.27 (1.76)	2.62 (1.88)	2.01 (2.27)	0.943
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.13 (0.47)	0.98 (0.29)	1.25 (1.21)	1.04 (0.43)	0.170
Scr (µmol/L)	62.0 (22.8)	59.0 (48.0)	78.5 (44.8)	60.0 (40.3)	0.499
Bun (mmol/L)	5.92 (2.12)	6.36 (2.74)	7.92 (6.76)	6.57 (5.00)	0.419
UA (µmol/L)	342.0 (127.3)	358.0 (174.0)	322.5 (153.3)	303.0 (136.3)	0.746
OC (ng/mL)	10.27 (5.87)	12.76 (8.14)	11.89 (4.02)	15.15 (11.43)	0.012
CTX (pg/mL)	0.29 (0.19)	0.41 (0.29)	0.35 (0.23)	0.65 (0.51)	0.027
PINP (pg/mL)	33.39 (20.37)	41.25 (24.71)	47.22 (39.85)	51.28 (37.96)	0.059

Data are presented as the mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. NOCS: No severe intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis; ICAS: Severe intracranial artery stenosis; ECAS: Severe extracranial artery stenosis; COAS: Combined severe intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis; CAD: Coronary artery disease; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin; INS: Insulin; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; CP: C-peptide; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Scr: Serum creatinine; Bun: Blood urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid; OC: Osteocalcin; CTX: C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen; PINP: Procollagen type I N-peptide.