Efficacy of telemedicine on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Result of all variable analysis of included studies in meta-analysis

Variables	Studies (n)	Participant (n)	Mean difference			Effect size			Publications Bias
			MD (95%CI)	Q test	I2 (%)	Effect size (95%CI)	Q test	I2 (%)	Egger’s t (95%CI)
HbA1c	47	6932	-0.486 (-0.561, -0.410)c	2689.381	98.290c	-1.523 (-1.896, -1.150)c	1857.351	97.523c	2.604 (-6.389, -0.815)a
SBP	22	4053	-0.458 (-1.403, 0.486)	2772.104	99.206c	-0.117 (-0.603, 0.370)	1060.208	98.019c	0.937 (-2.814, 7.432)
DBP	20	3764	-0.875 (-1.429, -0.321)b	683.275	97.219c	-0.376 (-0.743, -0.009)a	535.388	96.451c	0.896 (-5.695, 2.280)
PPG	6	1497	-1.458 (-2.648, -0.268)b	437.802	98.858c	-1.091 (-1.695, -0.486)c	256.915	98.054	0.035 (-9.234, 8.984)
FPG	15	2508	-0.577 (-0.710, -0.443)c	163.957	91.461c	-1.098 (-1.575, -0.622)c	396.579	96.470c	2.730 (-4.501, -0.524)a
Weight	17	3235	-0.243 (-0.442, -0.045)a	120.538	86.726c	-0.549 (-0.950, -0.149)b	145.580	89.009c	1.225 (-3.014, 0.814)
BMI	15	2357	-0.304 (-0.563, -0.045)a	120.110	88.344c	-0.346 (-0.514, -0.178)c	232.373	93.975c	2.963 (-4.376, -0.701)a
Cholesterol	15	2951	-0.070 (-0.141, 0.002)	492.468	97.157c	-0.339 (-0.741, 0.063)a	379.019	96.306c	1.180 (-7.845, 2.304)
Mental QoL	6	634	2.210 (0.053, 4.367)a	842.443	99.406c	0.739 (-0.709, 2.186)	736.156	99.185c	1.124 (-13.969, 32.978)
Physical QoL	7	1467	1.312 (0.545, 2.080)c	210.628	97.151c	1.111 (0.432, 1.790)c	192.042	96.876c	0.425 (-8.626, 12.046)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; MD: Mean difference; CI: Confidence interval; FPG: Fastening plasma glucose; PPG: Post-prandial glucose; QoL: Quality of life.