Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2024; 15(2): 196-208
Published online Feb 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.196
Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Han Shi, Yuan Yuan, Xue Li, Yan-Fang Li, Ling Fan, Xue-Mei Yang
Han Shi, Yuan Yuan, Xue Li, Yan-Fang Li, Ling Fan, Xue-Mei Yang, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
Co-first authors: Han Shi and Yuan Yuan.
Author contributions: Shi H and Yuan Y designed the research; and Shi H and Yuan Y contributed equally to this work as co-first authors equally to this work; Li X, Yuan Y, Li YF, Fan L, Yang XM and Shi H contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Yuan Y, Li X, Li YF, Fan L, Yang YM and Shi H analyzed the data; Shi H and Yuan Y wrote the paper; and all authors were involved in the critical review of the results and have contributed to, read, and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study protocol was approved by The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College.
Informed consent statement: All the families have voluntarily participated in the study and have signed informed consent forms.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declared no conflict of interest existing in this paper.
Data sharing statement: Data generated from this investigation are available upon reasonable quest from the corresponding author.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yuan Yuan, MM, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278 Middle Section of Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China. cyfygrk2270@163.com
Received: October 30, 2023
Peer-review started: October 30, 2023
First decision: November 8, 2023
Revised: December 14, 2023
Accepted: January 18, 2024
Article in press: January 18, 2024
Published online: February 15, 2024
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

The characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were clarified, and the risk factors of active tuberculosis (TB) in T2DM were explored to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease.

Research motivation

In China, T2DM accounts for 90%-95% of all diabetic patients, and China is one of the 22 countries with high TB burden, with about 4.5 million active TB patients; T2DM is one of the risks of developing TB, and the incidence of T2DM with TB (T2DM-PTB) increases from 19.3% to 24.1%. These two diseases are closely related and mutually reinforcing.

Research objectives

Clarify the characteristics of patients with T2DM complicated with TB, and explore the risk factors of active tuberculosis in T2DM patients, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of diseases.

Research methods

T2DM-PTB patients in our hospital were selected as the observation group, and simple T2DM patients in our hospital at the same time were selected as the control group. The general demographic characteristics, diabetes-related characteristics, body immune status, lifestyle and behavioral habits were investigated, and the data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression.

Research results

The results found that the physical index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and lymphocyte count were significantly lower than the control group, while fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than the control group, poor glucose control, hypoproteinemia, lymphopenia, TB exposure history, high infection, smoking, alcohol consumption were positively associated with PTB in T2DM; married, history of hypertension, treatment of oral hypoglycemic agents + insulin, overweight, obesity and regular exercise were negatively associated with concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.

Research conclusions

Patients with T2DM-PTB are prone to worse glycemic control, higher infection frequency, and a higher proportion of people smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise. Lymphopenia, smoking, history of TB exposure, and poor glycemic control were independent risk factors for T2DM-PTB, and overweight and obesity were associated with a decreased risk of concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.

Research perspectives

The empirical and comparative perspectives.