Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2023; 14(6): 846-861
Published online Jun 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.846
Lomatogonium rotatum extract alleviates diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet and streptozotocin in rats
Li-Li Dai, Sung-Bo Cho, Hui-Fang Li, Li-Sha A, Xiao-Ping Ji, Sirigunqiqige Pan, Ming-Lan Bao, Laxinamujila Bai, Gen-Na Ba, Ming-Hai Fu
Li-Li Dai, Sung-Bo Cho, Hui-Fang Li, Xiao-Ping Ji, Sirigunqiqige Pan, Ming-Lan Bao, Laxinamujila Bai, Gen-Na Ba, Ming-Hai Fu, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Li-Sha A, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
Ming-Hai Fu, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
Author contributions: Ba GN and Fu MH contributed to the conceptualization of the manuscript; Dai LL, Cho SB, and Fu MH were involved in the methodology of this study; Cho SB, A LS, and Fu MH contributed to the formal analysis; Dai LL, Cho SB, Li HF, Ji XP, and Pan S participated in the investigation of this manuscript; Dai LL, Cho SB, and Fu MH wrote and prepared the original draft; Bao ML, Bai L, and Ba GN were involved in the writing, reviewing, and editing; Ba GN and Fu MH contributed to the supervision of this manuscript and funding acquisition; Cho SB and Ba GN as the co-first and co-corresponding authors. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82260773 and 81803845; Central Government Guided Local Scientific and Technological Development Project, No. 2021ZY0015; and Science and Technology Young Talents Development Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. NJYT22048.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: The animal study was reviewed and approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Approval No. NM-LL-2021-06-15-1.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report having no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Data are contained within this article.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ming-Hai Fu, PhD, Associate Professor, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996 Xilamulun Street, Horqin District, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. mfu@imun.edu.cn
Received: December 16, 2022
Peer-review started: December 16, 2022
First decision: February 20, 2023
Revised: March 21, 2023
Accepted: April 17, 2023
Article in press: April 17, 2023
Published online: June 15, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Lomatogonium rotatum (LR) is traditionally used in Mongolian folk medicine as a hypoglycemic agent, but its evidence-based pharmacological effects and me-chanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

AIM

To emphasize the hypoglycemic action mechanism of LR in a type 2 diabetic rat model and examine potential biomarkers to obtain mechanistic understanding regarding serum metabolite modifications.

METHODS

A high-fat, high-sugar diet and streptozotocin injection-induced type 2 diabetic rat model was established. The chemical composition of the LR was identified by high performance liquid chromatography. LR extract administrated as oral gavage at 0.5 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, and 5 g/kg for 4 wk. Anti-diabetic effects of LR extract were evaluated based on histopathological examination as well as the measurement of blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and lipid levels. Serum metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach.

RESULTS

According to a chemical analysis, swertiamarin, sweroside, hesperetin, coumarin, 1.7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyl xanthone, and 1-hydroxy-2,3,5 trimethoxanone are the principal active ingredients in LR. An anti-diabetic experiment revealed that the LR treatment significantly increased plasma insulin and GLP-1 levels while effectively lowering blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and oral glucose tolerance test compared to the model group. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum samples detected 236 metabolites, among which 86 were differentially expressed between the model and the LR group. It was also found that LR considerably altered the levels of metabolites such as vitamin B6, mevalonate-5P, D-proline, L-lysine, and taurine, which are involved in the regulation of the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway, selenium amino acid metabolic pathway, pyrimidine metabolic pathway, and arginine and proline metabolic pathways.

CONCLUSION

These findings indicated that LR may have a hypoglycemic impact and that its role may be related to changes in the serum metabolites and to facilitate the release of insulin and GLP-1, which lower blood glucose and lipid profiles.

Keywords: Mongolian medicine, Lomatogonium rotatum, Type 2 diabetes, Metabolomics, Swertiamarin, Streptozotocin

Core Tip:Lomatogonium rotatum (LR) is traditionally used in Mongolian folk medicine as a hypoglycemic agent. Its evidence-based pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action have not been elucidated. An anti-diabetic experiment in rats revealed that LR treatment increased insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 levels and decreased blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and oral glucose tolerance test. These findings indicated that LR may have a hypoglycemic impact and that its role may be related to changes in the serum metabolites as well as to facilitating the release of insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1, which lower blood glucose and lipid profiles.