Mucosa color and size may indicate malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal neoplastic polyps

Table 1 Comparison of baseline clinical and endoscopic characteristics of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal polyps

		Juvenile polyps (n = 5)	Neoplastic polyps (n = 70)	NHGN (n = 86)	SM stage cancer (n = 22)	P value
Age (mean SD, yr) (n = 177)		26.66 8.17	58.68 9.15	61.26 11.12	64.4 8.73	< 0.001
diameter (cm) (n = 183)		1.57 0.34	0.88 0.37	1.61 0.52	1.93 0.53	< 0.001
Sex (n = 177)	Male	4	33	46	15	0.34
	Female	1	31	40	7
Location (n = 183)	Left colon	2	48	50	12	0.38
	Rectum	3	22	36	10
Morphology (n = 183)	Polypoid (Is, Isp, Ip)	5	57	75	18	0.63
	Nonpolypoid (IIa, LST)	0	13	11	4
CSM	Type 1	5	25	59	17	< 0.001
	Type 2	0	45	27	5

NHGN: Noninvasive high-grade neoplasia; SD: Standard deviation; SM stage cancer: Submucosal invasion carcinoma; CSM: Chicken skin mucosa; LST: Laterally spreading tumor.

Table 2 Comparison of the endoscopic features of risk factors for malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive neoplastic polyps on white light endoscopy

Endoscopic features	Neoplastic polyps (n = 70)	NHGN (n = 86)	P value
Multilobulated	20	40	0.03
Round and smooth	54	21	0.00
Deeper red mucosal color	11	54	0.00
Granulated surface	2	6	0.55

NHGN: Non-invasive high-grade neoplasia.

Table 3 Comparison of endoscopic features of invasion depth of chicken skin mucosa-positive early colorectal cancer with white light endoscopy

Endoscopic features	NHGN (n = 86)	SM stage cancer (n = 22)	P value
Ulceration or errhysis (all)	2	3	0.08
Demarcated depressed area (all)	3	14	< 0.001
Deeper red mucosal color (all)	54	16	0.25
Stalk swelling (P)	7	3	0.65
Fullness (P)	12	4	0.81

NHGN: Noninvasive high-grade neoplasia; SM stage cancer: Submucosal invasion carcinoma; P: Prominent.

Table 4 Logistic regression analyses of endoscopic risk features for malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive neoplastic polyps

Variable	OR (95%CI)	P value
Diameter (≥ 10/< 10 mm)	15.84 (5.01–50)	0.00
CSM (type ½)	0.56 (0.23–1.36)	0.20
Multilobulated	0.4 (0.13–1.22)	0.11
Deeper red mucosal color	3.5 (1.25–9.82)	0.02

CSM: Chicken skin mucosa; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 5 Logistic regression analyses of endoscopic risk features for early submucosal invasion of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal cancer

Variable	OR (95%CI)	P value
CSM (type ½)	1.63 (0.37–7.14)	0.52
Ulcer bleeding	1.68 (0.08–37.06)	0.74
Demarcated depressed area	78.03 (13.04–466.94)	0.00
Diameter (≥ 10/< 10 mm)	1.28 (0.14–11.67)	0.83

CSM: Chicken skin mucosa; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 6 Type of chicken skin mucosa endoscopic resection in different subgroups

	Juvenile polyps (n = 5)	Neoplastic polyps (n = 70)	NHGN (n = 81)	SM stage cancer (n = 7)	P value
Complete resection	0	30	26	2	0.194
Partial resection	5	40	55	5

NHGN: Noninvasive high-grade neoplasia; SM stage cancer: Submucosal invasion carcinoma.