Emerging molecular targets and therapy for cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Mutation frequency for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Genetic mutation	Frequency (%) in all tumours tested		Ref.
	Intrahepatic CC	Extrahepatic CC
IDH 1/2	14%-36%	0%	[27,59,67,99-101]
BAP 1	9%-25%	4%-10%	[66,67,101]
KRAS	9%-24%	40%-47%	[62-64,96]
TP53	3%-38%	18%-45%	[62-64,96]
PBRM1	11%-17%	4%-11%	[63,97]
ARID1A	11%-36%	5%-16%	[62-64,95]
EGFR amplification	7%	0%	[101]
HER2	0%-2%	0%-20%	[67,101]
VEGF overexpression	42%	31%	[46,47]
PIK3CA	4%-6%	9%	[66,101]
BRAF	4%-22%	6%	[57,101-103]
FRGR translocation	6%-50%	0%-5%	[66]
MCL1 amplification	16%-21%	NR	[66]
PTEN	1%-11%	4%	[59,101]
FBXW7	1%-6%	4%-15%	[67]
CDK6	7%	NR	[66]
CDKN2A	7%	15%	[66]
BRCA 1/2	4%	NR	[66]
SMAD4	1%-4%	11%-25%	[59,67,101]
mTOR	26%	40%	[67]

HER2: Human epidermal growth factor 2; CC: Cholangiocarcinoma; NR: No report.