Opioid-sparing effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on surgical outcomes after open colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol

Table 2 Patient characteristics and operative details

	Patients with selective COX-2 inhibitor (n = 75)	Patients without selective COX-2 inhibitor (n = 75)	P-value
Age (yr)	64 (55-73)	65 (59-75)	0.15
Male	43 (57)	42 (56)	0.87
Weight (kg)	68 (51-58)	59 (50-66)	0.93
Body mass index	23.1 (20.9-25.4)	22.5 (20.6-24.6)	0.49
CR-POSSUM predicted mortality	1.8 (1.0-2.5)	1.9 (1.3-3.4)	0.07
Hematocrit (%)	38 (34-41)	35 (31-39)	0.0141
Serum albumin (g/L)	4.0 (3.6-4.3)	3.8 (3.4-4.1)	0.0131
Operative time (min)	180 (120-220)	160 (120-180)	0.21
Blood loss (mL)	150 (50-250)	150 (50-260)	0.75
Operation for malignancy	67 (89)	68 (91)	0.37
Rectal resection	41 (55)	37 (49)	0.51
Operation without bowel restoration	11 (15)	12 (16)	0.82
Use of atraumatic O-ring retractor	66 (88)	59 (79)	0.13
Adherence to ERAS protocol (%)	88 (82-88)	82 (82-88)	0.28

¹P < 0.05. COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; CR-POSSUM: The ColoRectal Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity; ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.