Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2014; 6(5): 112-120
Published online May 15, 2014. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112

Table 1 TNM system, specifically referring to depth of invasion in T staging

Category	Description
Tis	Carcinoma in situ
T1	Tumors invade lamina propria or submucosa
T2	Tumors invade muscularis propria
T3	Tumors invade adventitia
T4	Tumors invade adjacent structures
N0	No regional lymph node metastases
N1	Regional lymph node metastases
M0	No distant metastasis
M1a, M1b	Distant metastasis

Citation: Napier KJ, Scheerer M, Misra S. Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6(5): 112-120
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v6/i5/112.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112

Napier KJ, Scheerer M, Misra S. Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6(5): 112-120 [PMID: 24834141 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112]

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