Endoscopic and surgical management of early esophageal cancer: Current evidence and evolving oncologic strategies

Table 1 Ongoing and recent clinical trials evaluating endoscopic treatment for early esophageal cancer

Trial/registry	Study design	Population	Intervention	Primary outcome	Study status
JCOG0508	Prospective multicenter phase II	Superficial ESCC with minimal submucosal invasion	ESD followed by selective chemoradiotherapy	Overall survival, local control	Completed
JCOG1009/1010	Prospective multicenter	Superficial ESCC	ESD with adjuvant therapy	Disease-free survival	Completed
NCT02304181	Prospective cohort	Early esophageal neoplasia	ESD	En bloc and R0 resection rates	Completed
NCT03470246	Randomized controlled trial	Barrett’s-associated neoplasia	EMR + RFA vs EMR alone	Eradication of dysplasia	Completed
ChiCTR1800018892	Multicenter prospective	Early ESCC	ESD	Long-term survival and recurrence	Ongoing

ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.