Dietary eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids decrease prostanoids in the ileum of rats treated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil

Table 3 Oxylipins derived from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in ileum tissue of rats treated with chemotherapy and fed eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid diet, mean ± SEM

Oxylipin (ng/mg of protein)	Baseline	Control diet			EPA + DHA diet			Main effects		Interaction
	Day 0 (n = 5)	Day 2 (n = 4)	Day 4 (n = 4)	Day 8 (n = 4)	Day 2 (n = 5)	Day 4 (n = 4)	Day 8 (n = 4)	P value (diet)	P value (day)	P-diet × day
15-HEPE	7.7 ± 2.3	12 ± 1.3	2.9 ± 2.2	6.1 ± 1.3	13 ± 4.05	11 ± 2.4	29 ± 5.84	0.001	0.009	0.003
18-HEPE	1.1 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 1.1	Tr ± Tr	2.2 ± 1.3	5.0 ± 1.75	6.8 ± 1.8	64 ± 174	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
17,18-DiHETE	0.0 ± Tr	Tr ± Tr	0.06 ± 0.06	0.07 ± Tr	0.16 ± 0.065	0.43 ± 0.164	2.1 ± 0.194	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
1Sum EPA-derived	8.8 ± 3.0	13 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 2.2	8.4 ± 0.61	18 ± 5.05	18 ± 4.0	94 ± 204	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
4-HDoHE	3.9 ± 1.0	7.9 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 0.53	3.5 ± 0.43	9.2 ± 2.05	2.5 ± 0.67	11 ± 3.1	0.037	< 0.001
8-HDoHE	0.4 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.41	0.06 ± 0.06	0.2 ± 0.07	0.81 ± 0.31	0.68 ± 0.17	1.2 ± 0.14
13-HDoHE	4.0 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 0.98	3.3 ± 0.52	5.7 ± 1.4	3.5 ± 0.96	7.4 ± 1.9	0.023
14-HDoHE	4.3 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 0.50	3.7 ± 0.70	5.8 ± 1.4	2.7 ± 0.34	5.4 ± 1.7
16-HDoHE	154 ± 20	170 ± 32	66 ± 18	160 ± 8.3	240 ± 565	120 ± 34	340 ± 764	0.013	0.005
17-HDoHE	4.2 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 1.0	3.8 ± 0.67	8.4 ± 1.0	10 ± 6.8	10 ± 1.5	0.044
20-HDoHE	24 ± 7.9	41 ± 9.2	12 ± 7.5	31 ± 2.7	33 ± 7.75	12 ± 2.7	58 ± 17		0.006
Protectin D1	0.71 ± 0.0	2.0 ± 0.403,4	0.54 ± 0.29	0.71 ± 0.11	1.8 ± 0.465	0.61 ± 0.22	1.6 ± 0.49		< 0.001
2Sum DHA-derived	196 ± 26	230 ± 39	91 ± 20	210 ± 8.1	300 ± 685	150 ± 38	430 ± 87	0.013	0.002
Sum n-3-derived	205 ± 28	250 ± 38	94 ± 20	220 ± 8.5	320 ± 725	170 ± 42	520 ± 804	0.002	< 0.001	0.018

¹Sum of eicosapentaenoic acid-derived oxylipins: 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 18-HEPE, 17,18-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (trace, not shown).

²Sum of docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxylipins: 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE), 8-HDoHE, 13-HDoHE, 14-HDoHE, 16-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, 20-HDoHE, protectin-D1 (trace, not shown).

³Denotes significant differences between baseline and day 2 in rats fed the control diet (chemotherapy effect).

⁴Denotes significant differences between diets on the same day (diet effect).

⁵Denotes significant differences between days within the same diet (time effect).

Tr: Trace; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; HEPE: Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; DiHETE: Dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; HDoHE: Hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid.