Multicenter deep learning model for pancreatic cancer detection using endoscopic ultrasound

doi:10.4251/wjgo.119889

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2026; 18(9): 119889
Published online Sep 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.119889

Table 4 External validation results

Methods	Precision (%) (95%CI)↑	Sensitivity (%) (95%CI)↑	Accuracy (%) (95%CI)↑	Specificity (%) (95%CI)↑	F1 score (%) (95%CI)↑
ResNet-50^b	84.57 (79.00-89.88)	74.00 (67.88-80.49)	78.65 (74.32-82.97)	84.12 (78.31-89.51)	78.93 (74.13-83.42)
Swin_transformer^b	86.63 (81.87-91.24)	81.00 (75.26-86.26)	82.97 (78.92-86.49)	85.29 (79.88-90.30)	83.72 (79.49-87.35)
MedViTV2^a	86.57 (82.03-91.35)	87.00 (82.16-91.67)	85.68 (82.16-89.19)	84.12 (78.33-89.54)	86.78 (83.24-90.10)
MCEUS-C2Net (ours)	91.88 (87.75-95.26)	90.50 (86.47-94.23)	90.59 (87.84-93.51)	90.59 (85.98-94.51)	91.18 (88.32-93.77)

^aP < 0.05 vs MCEUS-C2Net.

^bP < 0.01 vs MCEUS-C2Net.

Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score are presented as (%). 95% confidence interval were calculated using the bootstrapping method with 1000 resamples. Statistical significance was evaluated using McNemar’s test, and all P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate procedure. CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Yu XY, Ye JQ, He Z, He Q. Multicenter deep learning model for pancreatic cancer detection using endoscopic ultrasound. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(9): 119889
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i9/119889.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.119889

Yu XY, Ye JQ, He Z, He Q. Multicenter deep learning model for pancreatic cancer detection using endoscopic ultrasound. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(9): 119889 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.119889]

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