E74-like E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 3 in gastric cancer: Functions, mechanisms, and clinical translation - unresolved issues

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i8.120240

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2026; 18(8): 120240
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i8.120240

Table 2 Therapeutic agents targeting E74-like E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 3 and related E26 transformation-specific transcription factors

Agent	Target	Mechanism of action	Cancer type	Key finding
YK1 (compound 10)[11,55]	ELF3-MED23 interaction	Disrupts binding interface between ELF3 TAD domain and MED23 (amino acids 391-582), inhibits ELF3-MED23 protein-protein interaction, downregulates HER2 expression	Colorectal cancer (KRAS G13D), gastric cancer (HER2-positive)	Restores cetuximab sensitivity in colorectal cancer, inhibits EMT; significantly reduces HER2 levels and downstream signaling in HER2-positive gastric cancer cells, induces apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects; effective against both trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant clones
YK-4-279[57-59]	Pan-ETS (EWS-FLI1, ETS1, PAX3-ETS, etc.)	Inhibits ETS factor transcriptional activity, interferes with interaction between ETS family members and PAX3, downregulates MET expression	Ewing sarcoma, melanoma, colon cancer	Inhibits cell growth, invasion, and ETS factor function in melanoma; induces hypersensitivity in p53-deficient BRAF V600E-mutant colon cancer, exerting effects through PARylation-mediated cell death (parthanatos)
(S)-YK-4-279[58]	EWS-FLI1	Optimized enantiomer of YK-4-279 with improved pharmacokinetic properties	Ewing sarcoma	Achieved sustained complete responses in 2 of 6 Ewing sarcoma rat xenograft models based on pharmacokinetic model-guided dosing
BRD32048[62]	ETV1	Directly binds ETV1, modulates ETV1-mediated transcriptional activity, inhibits p300-dependent acetylation, promotes ETV1 degradation	Prostate cancer	Inhibits ETV1-driven cancer cell invasion
EI-4[63]	ETS-1	Inhibits ETS-1 transcription factor activity (specific mechanism may involve inhibiting DNA binding)	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion

EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ETS: E26 transformation-specific; ELF3: E74-like E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 3.

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Citation: Yan YJ, Yang Z, Chao RY, Shi JL. E74-like E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 3 in gastric cancer: Functions, mechanisms, and clinical translation - unresolved issues. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 120240
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i8/120240.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i8.120240

Yan YJ, Yang Z, Chao RY, Shi JL. E74-like E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 3 in gastric cancer: Functions, mechanisms, and clinical translation - unresolved issues. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 120240 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i8.120240]

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