Factors associated with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A Mexican retrospective study

Table 3 Exploratory univariate analysis of factors associated with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant treatment (n = 101)

Variable	Measure of association (OR)	95%CI	P value
Categorical variables (univariate logistic regression)
Sex (male vs female)	1.19	0.35-4.05	0.77
Hemoglobin (< 10 g/dL vs ≥ 10 g/dL)	1.14	0.30-4.32	0.97
CEA (> 5 ng/mL vs ≤ 5 ng/mL)	0.98	0.76-1.17	0.83
Albumin (≤ 3 g/dL vs > 3 g/dL)	0.59	0.20-1.75	0.67
Tumor size (per cm increase)	0.77	0.61-0.96	0.028
Tumor location (lower rectum vs others)	0.98	0.20-4.33	0.89
Clinical stage (III vs II)	1.32	0.59-2.97	0.49
Neoadjuvant treatment (CRT vs RT alone)	0.70	0.12-4.04	0.86
Continuous variables (Student’s t test)
Age at diagnosis (years)	0.0111	-20.6 to 20.8	0.991
Distance from anal verge (cm)	1.6551	-4.8 to 5.3	0.215
Degree of luminal stenosis (%)	0.8201	-31.4 to 249.7	0.382

¹t statistic.

All analyses are exploratory and based on univariate models. Given the limited number of complete clinical response events (n = 15), multivariable modeling was not performed to avoid overfitting. Therefore, results should not be interpreted as demonstrating independent predictive effects. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; RT: Radiotherapy.