Yiwei Xiaoyu granules mitigate spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia-associated gastric mucosal damage by regulating WFDC2 and the miRNA-7/circRNA network

Figure 4 Yiwei Xiaoyu granules regulate inflammatory cytokines and Cdr1as expression in spleen-stomach deficiency syndrome and tamoxifen-induced spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia models. A: Fold-change of interleukin-1β mRNA levels on days 15 and 30. At day 15: ^aP < 0.0001 vs G2; ^bP < 0.01 vs G5; ^cP < 0.0001 vs G3; ^dP < 0.001 vs G5. At day 30: ^eP < 0.001 vs G2; ^fP < 0.01 vs G3; ^gP < 0.0001, ^hP < 0.0001 vs G5. In the right panel, ⁱP < 0.0001, ^jP < 0.0001, ^kP < 0.0001 vs day 15 within the same group; B: Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression on days 15 and 30. At day 15: ⁱP < 0.0001 vs G4; ^mP < 0.0001 vs G5; ⁿP < 0.0001 vs G5. At day 30: ^oP < 0.05 vs G2, ^pP < 0.001 vs G3, ^qP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^rP < 0.0001 vs G5. In the right panel, ^sP < 0.0001, ^tP < 0.0001, ^uP < 0.0001, ^vP < 0.0001 vs day 15 within the same group; C: Cdr1as expression across experimental groups at the indicated time points. At day 15: ^wP < 0.01 vs G2, ^xP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^yP < 0.0001 vs G5. At day 30: ^zP < 0.001 vs G3, P < 0.01 vs G4, P < 0.0001 vs G5. In the right panel, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01 vs day 15 within the same group. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.