Yiwei Xiaoyu granules mitigate spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia-associated gastric mucosal damage by regulating WFDC2 and the miRNA-7/circRNA network

Figure 3 Histopathological restoration of gastric mucosa by Yiwei Xiaoyu granules treatment at days 15 and 30. A: Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining images at day 15 showing restoration of glandular architecture in spleen-stomach deficiency syndrome, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, and combined models after Yiwei Xiaoyu granules (YWXY) treatment; B: Representative H&E staining images at day 30 demonstrating attenuation of glandular atrophy, inflammatory infiltration, and epithelial damage in YWXY-treated groups. Scale bar = 400 μm; C: Quantification of chief cell numbers at days 15 and 30; D: Quantification of gastritis histology index at days 15 and 30. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. ^aP < 0.05 vs G2, ^bP < 0.05 vs G5, ^cP < 0.05 vs G5, ^dP < 0.05 vs G5, ^eP < 0.01 vs G4, ^fP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^gP < 0.01 vs day 15 in G4, ^hP < 0.001 vs G2, ⁱP < 0.01 vs G3, ^jP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^kP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^lP < 0.05 vs G2, ^mP < 0.01 vs G4, ⁿP < 0.0001 vs G5, ^oP < 0.0001 vs G5.